Understanding longitudinal relationships between COVID-19 pandemic outcomes and alcohol use and problems from 2019 to 2020 and 2021 for the U.S. population and vulnerable groups.

摘要 新冠肺炎(C19)大流行颠覆了美国人的生活，对健康和 这对少数族裔和其他弱势群体产生了不成比例的影响。 大流行早期的研究已经观察到酒精使用和大量饮酒的增加，这些 预计在大流行之后，行为及其对身心健康的影响将持续很长时间。 平息下来。然而，到目前为止，缺乏具有全国代表性的关于大流行的纵向数据 以大流行前基线数据为基础的对酒精和药物使用以及精神健康的影响。酒精的味道 研究小组及其P50酒精研究中心进行了一系列全国酒精调查 (Nas)40年。我们从2019年开始进行了第14版NAS(N14)，并于 2020年4月20日，2021年初，我们进行了NAS COVID补充调查(N14C)，作为N14的后续调查 (基线)受访者。借助这款快速响应的R01应用程序，我们计划进行第三波数据 收集N14和N14C受访者(称为N14C2)，通过3项调查建立具有全国代表性的队列 时间点。使用来自第一波数据收集的C19之前的数据，N14和两项后续调查，包括 在美国最初努力控制C19传播后的第一年(N14C)和第二年(N14C2)，我们将 能够严格评估C19大流行对酒精和其他毒品的财务、社会和健康影响 (AOD)的使用和问题。我们将调查酒精使用量增加的潜在影响 大流行的后果，如失业、社会接触和心理健康结果。我们还提议 检查酒精使用和与C19相关的预防行为，如社交距离和接种疫苗。 我们将通过包括链接到我们的调查数据的地理编码数据来实现分析的上下文，以便我们能够检查 这些协会涉及与C19相关的国家政策、可用的酒精购买选项，以及 可能影响AOD使用和问题的其他区域条件。最后，我们建议将混合方法应用于 深入了解疫情期间的酒精使用经验以及感知的需求、障碍、促进者和 计划在受疫情影响不成比例的亚群中寻求酗酒者的支持， 即黑人、拉丁裔和性少数群体。为了做到这一点，我们计划招募一个有目的的子样本 N14C2调查后的半结构化定性访谈。综上所述，该项目将确定和 描述那些患AOD问题的风险增加、精神健康状况不佳和C19延长的人 影响和确定环境的特征，包括增加或减轻这些风险的法规， 旨在为可修改的干预措施和政策提供信息。

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 (C19) pandemic has upended American lives with far-reaching consequences for health and well-being, and has disproportionately impacted racial/ethnic minorities and other vulnerable communities. Studies from the early pandemic period have observed increases in alcohol use and heavy drinking, and these behaviors and their consequences on physical and mental health are expected to persist well after the pandemic subsides. Thus far, however, there is a dearth of nationally-representative, longitudinal data on the pandemic's effects on alcohol and drug use and mental health that build on baseline pre-pandemic data. The Alcohol Research Group and its P50 Alcohol Research Center have conducted a series of National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) for forty years. We conducted the 14th edition of the NAS (N14) beginning in 2019 and completed it on April 20, 2020, and in early 2021 we conducted a NAS COVID supplement survey (N14C) as a follow-up of N14 (baseline) respondents. With this rapid-response R01 application we are proposing to conduct a 3rd wave of data collection of N14 and N14C respondents (termed N14C2) to build a nationally-representative cohort with 3 survey time-points. With pre-C19 data from the first wave of data collection, N14, and two follow-up surveys covering the first (N14C) and second (N14C2) years following initial efforts to control C19 spread in the US, we will be able to rigorously assess the financial, social, and health impacts of the C19 pandemic on alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and problems. We will investigate the potential impact of increased alcohol use on the course of consequences of the pandemic, such as job loss, social contact and mental health outcomes. We also propose to examine alcohol use and C19-related precautionary behaviors such social distancing, and vaccination uptake. We will contextualize the analysis by including geocoded data linked to our survey data to allow us to examine these associations in relation to relevant C19-related state policies, available alcohol purchasing options, and other area conditions that may affect AOD use and problems. Finally, we propose to apply mixed methods to understand in depth alcohol use experiences during the pandemic and perceived need, barriers, facilitators and plans for seeking support among heavy drinkers in subgroups disproportionately affected by the pandemic, namely Blacks, Latinos, and sexual minorities. To accomplish this we plan to recruit a purposive subsample for semi-structured qualitative interviews following the N14C2 survey. Taken together, this project will identify and characterize those at an increased risk of developing AOD problems, poor mental health, and prolonged C19 impacts, and determine features of environments including regulations that increase or mitigate these risks, aiming to inform modifiable interventions and policies.