National Alcohol Surveys: Advancing Epidemiologic Analyses of 21st Century Drinking

摘要：全国酒精调查：推进 21 世纪饮酒的流行病学分析 有害饮酒仍然是导致发病和死亡的最常见的可预防原因之一 美国及其表现出重大的种族/民族和其他差异。全国代表性调查重复了 时间提供了一种改进调查方法、监测总体和分组饮酒趋势的手段，以及 及时调查与饮酒相关的健康话题。酒精研究小组及其中心 四十年来进行了一系列全国酒精调查（NAS），并在该项目中提议进行 2023-2024 年第 15 版 NAS（称为 N15）。通过实施N15我们将做出回应 通过采用多模式、适应性调查设计来应对现代调查研究的挑战。这将 包括使用基于地址的抽样以及概率和非概率网络面板的完全基于网络的调查。 此外，这将是第一个包含使用干血点 (DBS) 收集生物样本的 NAS。包括一个 该系列中的附加 NAS 将扩展可用于构建近期酒精变化的趋势数据 消费模式，这对于理解消费组成部分的年龄阶段队列模型也至关重要 这些趋势。我们建议利用 2000-2020 年 NAS 系列数据来评估种族/民族和社会经济 酒精使用和酒精问题之间的差异，以及酒精使用模式和酒精问题之间的风险关系 使用因果推理方法的问题，包括基于酒精税估计的工具变量和 其他政策措施。此类方法尚未应用于酒精相关差异的研究 问题。利用扩展的趋势数据，我们建议检查总量和饮料的趋势 1979 年以来的特定酒精量、酒精使用障碍以及酒精与大麻和其他药物的共同使用 或 1984 年，取决于衡量指标的可用性，到 2024 年，进行年龄阶段队列分解。酒精和 鉴于娱乐性大麻的使用合法化，药物共同使用，特别是大麻，显得尤为及时。 许多州和持续的阿片类药物危机。心理困扰（PD）可能是阿片类药物危机的一个驱动因素 “绝望而死”。最近的 NAS 版本包含了 PD 的测量，这是酒精引起的常见问题。 使用是已知的风险因素。然而，人们对个人和环境层面的调节因素还不太了解。 以及这种关系的生物介质。收集 DBS 样本将使炎症研究成为可能 饮酒与帕金森病之间关系的生物调节剂，可为未来的研究和研究提供信息 预防干预措施。此外，更好地了解酒精之间关系的调节因素 使用和PD，从个人到社区层面的特征，可以帮助优先考虑群体接受 预防干预措施。总之，该项目提出的数据收集和分析可以促进两者 方法论问题和实质性研究问题，旨在更好地理解和解决 21 世纪的饮酒及其趋势、相关性和后果。

ABSTRACT: National Alcohol Surveys: Advancing Epidemiologic Analyses of 21st Century Drinking Hazardous alcohol use remains one of the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in the US and it manifests major racial/ethnic and other disparities. Nationally representative surveys repeated over time provide a means to advance survey methods, monitor trends in alcohol use overall and in sub-groups, and investigate timely health topics related to alcohol use. The Alcohol Research Group and its Center have conducted a series of National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) for forty years, and are proposing in this Project to conduct the 15th edition of the NAS in 2023-2024 (termed N15). Through the implementation of the N15 we will respond to challenges to modern-day survey research by employing a multi-mode, adaptive survey design. This will include a fully web-based survey using address-based sampling, and probability and non-probability web panels. Further, this will be the first NAS to include biosample collection using dried blood spots (DBS). Including an additional NAS in the series will expand the trend data available for framing recent changes in alcohol consumption patterns, which is also essential for age-period-cohort models for understanding components of these trends. With NAS series data from 2000-2020 we propose to evaluate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in alcohol use and alcohol problems, and risk relationships between alcohol use patterns and problems using causal inference methods including instrumental variables based on alcohol tax estimates and other policy measures. Such methods have yet to be applied to the study of disparities in alcohol-related problems. Capitalizing on the expanded trends data, we propose to examine trends for total and beverage- specific alcohol volume, alcohol use disorder, and co-use of alcohol with marijuana and other drugs from 1979 or 1984, dependent on the availability of measures, to 2024 with age-period-cohort decompositions. Alcohol and drug co-use, particularly cannabis, is especially timely given the legalization of recreational marijuana use in many states and the ongoing opioid crisis. Psychological distress (PD) is a likely driver of the opioid crisis and “deaths of despair”. Recent NAS editions have included measures of PD, a common problem for which alcohol use is a known risk factor. However, less well understood are the individual- and environmental-level moderators and biological mediators of this relationship. Collecting DBS samples will enable the study of inflammation as a biological mediator of the relationship between alcohol use and PD, which could inform future research and prevention interventions. Further, a better understanding of the moderators of the relationship between alcohol use and PD, from individual- to community-level characteristics, could help to prioritize groups to receive prevention interventions. In summary, this project proposes data collection and analyses that can advance both methodological issues and substantive research questions with the aim of better understanding and addressing 21st century drinking and its trends, correlates and consequences.