Automatic detection of vaping rate and patterning in the lab and the natural environment using Flexible, Robust Instrumentation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (FRIENDS)

项目概要/摘要 电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS），特别是电子烟，越来越普遍， 在某些年龄组中，它们的使用与传统香烟相当或超过传统香烟。不像可燃物 香烟，ENDS允许按需获得单次抽吸。尽管准确的核心重要性 为了表征自然环境中的ENDS喷流行为，目前的评估方法是 相当有限。为了克服该领域取得进展的关键障碍，我们建议评估和部署一个 可以准确、客观和非干扰地跟踪实时抽吸行为的廉价仪器 在各种各样的ENDS产品中使用，而不会中断用户的自然行为。柔性 鲁棒ENDS（FRIENDS）监测仪采用微型非接触式电磁 传感器，检测从电池通过加热线圈的电流，允许检测抽吸 和抽吸持续时间而不管ENDS的产生和/或物理形式（例如，香烟，钢笔，坦克， 吊舱系统）。我们建议招募240名日常ENDS用户，对各种ENDS设备进行抽样， 用户特征。当遇到新的ENDS器械时，将对其进行台架测试，以确定 最好的位置为朋友的附件，我们将测量之间的关系， 音量.这些结果将被添加到一个开源的FRIENDS库中。每个参与者将即兴vape 在录像的实验室访问期间使用他们的FRIENDS启用的ENDS，并在他们的自然环境中使用7天 环境还将收集接触的生化指标和一系列自我报告数据。的 这项研究将解决几个关键问题，包括：自我报告在多大程度上准确反映了 捕捉客观现实世界vaping频率的变化（跨人和天），以及有多少 从实验室访问的客观数据提高预测？客观的抽吸措施在多大程度上 朋友在预测尼古丁暴露方面优于自我报告措施？最后， ENDS使用行为的客观类别（例如，主要是“bingers”[标准自我报告的重点] vs.主要是“食草动物”[自我报告中缺少的模式，但初步目标明显 监测研究]）？每个班级有多普通？是自我报告预测现实世界vaping的能力 频率和尼古丁暴露特别差的食草动物相比，暴饮暴食？拟定研究 将提供有关ENDS使用行为性质的新颖且急需的信息，并具有 有可能对未来的工作产生重大影响。此外，该项目将策划一个广泛的，开源的 FRIENDS库，提供生产和使用125+ FRIENDS监视器所需的一切 形接头.因此，我们将为现场提供一种廉价而准确的评估粉扑的方法 数量，持续时间和模式在广泛的ENDS研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), particularly e-cigarettes, are increasingly prevalent, with their use matching or surpassing conventional cigarettes in certain age groups. Unlike combustible cigarettes, ENDS allow on-demand access to single puffs. Despite the central importance of accurate characterization of ENDS puff behavior in the natural environment, current assessment approaches are quite limited. To overcome critical barriers to progress in the field, we propose to evaluate and deploy an inexpensive instrument that can accurately, objectively, and non-obtrusively track real-time puff behavior across a wide variety of ENDS products without interrupting the natural behavior of the user. The Flexible Robust Instrumentation of ENDS (FRIENDS) monitor employs a miniature non-contact electromagnetic sensor that detects the current flow from the battery through the heater coil, allowing detection of puffs and puff duration regardless of ENDS generation and/or physical form (e.g., cig-alikes, pens, tanks, and pods systems). We propose recruiting 240 daily ENDS users, sampled for variety of ENDS devices and user characteristics. As new ENDS devices are encountered, they will be bench-tested to determine the best location for FRIENDS attachment, and we will measure the relationship between puff duration and volume. These results will be added to an open-source FRIENDS library. Each participant will vape ad lib with their FRIENDS-enabled ENDS during a video-taped lab visit and for 7 days in their natural environment. Biochemical measures of exposure and a range of self-report data will also be collected. The study will address several critical questions, including: To what extent does self-report reflect accurately capture variability (across people and days) in objective real-world vaping frequency, and how much does objective data from the lab visit improve prediction? To what extent do objective puff measures from FRIENDS outperform self-report measures in predicting nicotine exposure? Finally, what are the objective classes of ENDS use behavior (e.g., predominantly “bingers” [the focus of standard self-report] vs. predominantly “grazers” [a pattern missing from self-report but evident preliminary objective monitoring studies])? How common is each class? Is the ability of self-report to predict real-world vaping frequency and nicotine exposure particularly poor for grazers compared to bingers? The proposed study will provide novel and much-needed information about the nature of ENDS use behavior and has the potential to markedly influence future work. Moreover, the project will curate an extensive, open-source FRIENDS library, providing everything needed to produce and use the FRIENDS monitor with 125+ ENDS. Thus, we will make available to the field an inexpensive and accurate method for assessing puff quantity, duration, and patterning in a wide range of ENDS studies.