Post-Legalization Regulatory Policies, Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, and its Consequences among Whites and Hispanics in California

摘要 2016年加州娱乐性大麻合法化创造了合法的增长、分销、销售和 税收制度，它仍在经历一个取决于当地政策选择的实施过程。 目前，大麻政策在当地有相当大的差异，以及合法零售和非法获得大麻。 在全州贩卖人口。这项为期5年的中心组件将利用这些独特的变化 社区背景，以审查当地酒精与大麻管制政策、酒精 和大麻在非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔美国人中的共同使用和相关问题。2018年，这两个人 这些群体加起来占加州人口的76%。这项研究将是第一次调查 当地政策和零售环境(以及非法大麻市场)有助于或可能改善 对调查数据的纵向分析表明，酒精和大麻使用方面的种族差异及相关危害。 现有证据表明，这两种物质的使用是重叠的。例如，使用过的成年人中， 过去一年吸食大麻，过去一个月饮酒或在过去一个月大量饮酒。共同使用 这两种物质，特别是同时使用，与较高的个人和 社会问题。并发用户报告社交问题的可能性是纯酒精用户的2倍 而同时饮酒的人报告问题的可能性几乎是只饮酒的人的3倍 并对自己造成伤害。调查数据将通过电话和在线收集，对象为18-39岁的怀特和 项目第一年、第二年和第三年(T1、T2、T3)的拉美裔美国人(N=1,200)，这些城市的酒精和 大麻政策和零售供应。具体目标是：1)考察地方和地区之间的联系 监管政策、执法活动、接近程度和每日接触许可的酒精和大麻 经销渠道和非法大麻来源；2)审查增加接触合法和非法大麻来源之间的联系 (酒精和大麻销售点)和非法大麻市场以及使用、共同使用和相关的模式 问题；3)审查酒精和大麻的使用和联合使用的情况，大麻使用类型的变化 (例如，烟、蒸汽、可食用)和上下文共同使用，以及上下文和使用类型的关联，以及 问题；4)调查地方政策、政策执行以及酒精和大麻零售方面的T1至T3变化 酒精和大麻的可得性和T1至T3的变化(增加、减少、发病率、稳定性、戒断) 共同使用。

ABSTRACT The 2016 legalization of recreational cannabis in California created a legal growth, distribution, sales, and taxation system, which is still going through an implementation process dependent on local policy options. Presently, there is considerable local variation in cannabis policies, along with legal retail availability and illegal trafficking throughout the state. This 5-year component of the Center will leverage these unique varying community contexts to examine the associations between local alcohol and cannabis control policies, alcohol and cannabis co-use and related problems among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. In 2018, these two groups together comprised 76% of the population in California. The study will be the first to investigate how the local policy and retail environment (and the illegal cannabis market) contribute to or possibly ameliorate ethnic disparities in alcohol and cannabis use and related harms with longitudinal analyses of survey data. Existing evidence indicates overlap in the use of these two substances. For instance, 64% of adults who used cannabis in the past year, used alcohol in the past month or used alcohol heavily in the past month. Co-use of these two substances, especially simultaneous use, has been associated with a higher rate of personal and social problems. Concurrent users are 2 times more likely than alcohol-only users to report social problems from use, while simultaneous users are almost 3 times more likely than alcohol-only users to report problems and harms to self. Survey data will be collected over the phone and online from 18-39 year old Whites and Hispanics in years 1, 2, and 3 (T1, T2, T3) of the project (N=1,200) in 40 cities that vary in alcohol and cannabis policies and retail availability. The specific aims are: 1) examine the associations between local regulatory policies, enforcement activities, proximity, and daily exposure to licensed alcohol and cannabis outlets, and illegal cannabis sources; 2) examine the associations between increased exposure to both legal (alcohol and cannabis outlets) and illegal cannabis markets and patterns of use, co-use, and associated problems; 3) examine contexts of alcohol and cannabis use and co-use, variation in types of cannabis use (e.g., smoke, vape, edible) and co-use by contexts, and the association of contexts and types of use and problems; 4) investigate T1 to T3 changes in local policy, policy enforcement and alcohol and cannabis retail availability and T1 to T3 changes (increase, decrease, incidence, stability, cessation) in alcohol and cannabis co-use.