Post-Legalization Regulatory Policies, Alcohol and Cannabis Co-Use, and its Consequences among Whites and Hispanics in California

合法化后的监管政策、酒精和大麻的共同使用及其对加州白人和西班牙裔的影响

• 批准号: 10526902
• 负责人: RAUL CAETANO
• 金额: $ 28.83万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-09-29 至 2027-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10526902
• 关键词: Adult; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; California; Cannabis; Cannabis policy; Cannabis retail; Cities; Communities; Community based prevention; Consumption; Data; Data Analyses; Empirical Research; Environment; Exposure to; Face; Frequencies; Growth; Heavy Drinking; Hispanic Populations; Incidence; Intervention; Knowledge; Legal; Licensing; Link; Marketing; Not Hispanic or Latino; Pattern; Policies; Population; Population Group; Prevalence; Prevention approach; Recreation; Reporting; Risk Factors; Sales; Science; Smoke; Social Problems; Source; Surveys; System; Taxation; Telephone; Testing; Variant; density; ethnic disparity; ethnic minority population; evidence base; health disparity; implementation process; longitudinal analysis; marijuana use; preventive intervention; public policy on alcohol; theories; trafficking; vaping

ABSTRACT The 2016 legalization of recreational cannabis in California created a legal growth, distribution, sales, and taxation system, which is still going through an implementation process dependent on local policy options. Presently, there is considerable local variation in cannabis policies, along with legal retail availability and illegal trafficking throughout the state. This 5-year component of the Center will leverage these unique varying community contexts to examine the associations between local alcohol and cannabis control policies, alcohol and cannabis co-use and related problems among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. In 2018, these two groups together comprised 76% of the population in California. The study will be the first to investigate how the local policy and retail environment (and the illegal cannabis market) contribute to or possibly ameliorate ethnic disparities in alcohol and cannabis use and related harms with longitudinal analyses of survey data. Existing evidence indicates overlap in the use of these two substances. For instance, 64% of adults who used cannabis in the past year, used alcohol in the past month or used alcohol heavily in the past month. Co-use of these two substances, especially simultaneous use, has been associated with a higher rate of personal and social problems. Concurrent users are 2 times more likely than alcohol-only users to report social problems from use, while simultaneous users are almost 3 times more likely than alcohol-only users to report problems and harms to self. Survey data will be collected over the phone and online from 18-39 year old Whites and Hispanics in years 1, 2, and 3 (T1, T2, T3) of the project (N=1,200) in 40 cities that vary in alcohol and cannabis policies and retail availability. The specific aims are: 1) examine the associations between local regulatory policies, enforcement activities, proximity, and daily exposure to licensed alcohol and cannabis outlets, and illegal cannabis sources; 2) examine the associations between increased exposure to both legal (alcohol and cannabis outlets) and illegal cannabis markets and patterns of use, co-use, and associated problems; 3) examine contexts of alcohol and cannabis use and co-use, variation in types of cannabis use (e.g., smoke, vape, edible) and co-use by contexts, and the association of contexts and types of use and problems; 4) investigate T1 to T3 changes in local policy, policy enforcement and alcohol and cannabis retail availability and T1 to T3 changes (increase, decrease, incidence, stability, cessation) in alcohol and cannabis co-use.

抽象的 2016 年加州休闲大麻合法化创造了合法的增长、分销、销售和 税收制度仍在经历取决于当地政策选择的实施过程。 目前，大麻政策存在很大的地方差异，合法零售和非法大麻也存在差异。 全州范围内的贩运活动。该中心的这个为期 5 年的组成部分将利用这些独特的变化 社区环境，检查当地酒精和大麻控制政策、酒精之间的关联 非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔人中大麻的共同使用及相关问题。 2018年，这两 这些群体合计占加利福尼亚州人口的 76%。该研究将首次调查如何 当地政策和零售环境（以及非法大麻市场）有助于或可能改善 通过对调查数据进行纵向分析，了解酒精和大麻使用的种族差异以及相关危害。 现有证据表明这两种物质的使用存在重叠。例如，64% 的成年人使用过 过去一年吸过大麻、过去一个月饮酒或过去一个月大量饮酒。共同使用 这两种物质，特别是同时使用，与较高的个人和 社会问题。并发用户报告社交问题的可能性是仅饮酒用户的 2 倍 同时使用酒精的用户报告问题的可能性几乎是仅饮酒用户的 3 倍 并伤害自己。调查数据将通过电话和在线收集 18-39 岁的白人和 该项目 (N=1,200) 第 1 年、第 2 年和第 3 年（T1、T2、T3）的西班牙裔人口分布在 40 个城市，酒精和酒精含量各不相同 大麻政策和零售供应情况。具体目标是：1）检查本地之间的关联 监管政策、执法活动、接近程度以及日常接触许可酒精和大麻的情况 销售点和非法大麻来源； 2）检查增加接触两种法律之间的关联 （酒精和大麻销售点）和非法大麻市场以及使用、共同使用和相关模式 问题； 3) 检查酒精和大麻使用和共同使用的背景、大麻使用类型的变化 （例如，烟雾、电子烟、可食用）和上下文的共同使用，以及上下文和使用类型的关联 问题； 4) 调查当地政策、政策执行以及酒精和大麻零售方面的 T1 至 T3 变化 酒精和大麻的可用性以及 T1 到 T3 的变化（增加、减少、发病率、稳定性、戒烟） 共同使用。