Olfactory and Visual Dysfunction as Potential Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease

简单的气味识别测试显示阿尔茨海默氏症患者识别气味的能力降低 疾病(AD)和因ApoE e4等位基因、MCI和一个家族而有AD风险的人群 公元一代的历史。阿尔茨海默病患者嗅区的神经病理在死后组织中得到很好的证实 在一些结构核磁共振研究中。而嗅觉障碍已知发生在AD和 那些面临阿尔茨海默病风险的人，基于简单的气味识别测试，其敏感性和特异性 还不足以使其成为一个重要的生物标志物。需要进行批判性研究来检验 嗅觉系统损伤对AD风险信号的敏感性。这需要小心翼翼 关于嗅觉系统完整性测试方法超越简单气味的思考 身份鉴定测试。同样，有重要的证据支持视网膜的不同 在正常衰老的AD个体之间变薄；然而，这一指标是否可以预测 在淀粉样蛋白阳性、认知正常的未知个体中发生MCI或AD。那里 显然有必要调查多种感觉模式的评估是否联合 联合应用脑脊液和影像标志物将提高对临床前AD的检测水平。该项目旨在 使用多模式方法满足这一需求。它将调查嗅觉或视觉 功能或组合更好地反映了脑脊液生物标记物或结构磁共振的存在 临床前AD患者的AD标志物。在初步数据的基础上，该项目将 研究提供气味识别服务的潜在皮质结构和神经网络 有脑脊液标志物的个体的记忆、远程气味记忆和气味识别 使用功能磁共振成像和功能连接反映临床前AD。该项目将开发更深层次的 了解感觉功能障碍预测临床前AD的可能性。

Simple odor identification tests reveal reduced ability to identify odors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in populations at risk for AD because of the ApoE e4 allele, MCI, and a family history of AD. Neuropathology in olfactory areas in AD is well established in post-mortem tissue and in a few structural MRI studies. While impairment in olfaction is known to occur in AD and in those at risk for AD, its sensitivity and specificity, based on simple odor identification tests, has not been sufficient to render it a serious biomarker. Critical research is needed to test the sensitivity of impairment in the olfactory system to signal risk for AD. This will require careful consideration of the methods for testing olfactory system integrity that go beyond simple odor identification tests. Similarly, there is significant evidence to support a difference in retinal thinning between normally aging individuals AD; however whether this measure is predictive of development of MCI or AD in amyloid positive, cognitively normal individuals in unknown. There is a clear need to investigate whether assessment of multiple sensory modalities in conjunction with CSF and imaging markers will improve the detection of preclinical AD. This project aims to address this need using a multimodal approach. It will investigate whether olfactory or visual function or a combination better reflects the presence of CSF biomarkers or structural MRI markers of AD in preclinical AD. Building on a foundation of preliminary data, the project will investigate the underlying cortical structures and neural networks that serve odor recognition memory, remote odor memory and odor identification in individuals with CSF markers that reflect preclinical AD, using fMRI and functional connectivity. The project will develop a deeper understanding of the potential for sensory dysfunction to predict preclinical AD.