Maternal Stress Resilience During Pregnancy and Offspring Emotion Regulation

项目摘要/摘要 有证据表明，孕期母亲的压力暴露会对后代产生持久的影响。 情绪调节(ER)，一个精神病理学发展的跨诊断因素。虽然 低收入和少数族裔女性更有可能经历日常反复出现的压力，显著 在怀孕期间，个体对应激源的反应存在变异性。很少有研究关注于 在怀孕期间确定解释这些个体差异的可修改的保护性因素，这是一个关键 采取告知预防性干预措施的步骤。在复原力理论的指导下，这项研究采取了日常生活 孕期母体应激调节与母体压力关系的前瞻性研究 婴儿急诊室。中心假设是产前心理社会资源(社会资源)的日常波动 支持、自我效能感)会对孕期母亲的日常压力调节产生保护性影响 (目标1)这反过来又影响婴儿的ER结果(目标2)。该研究将招募怀孕的参与者(N=90) 来自匹兹堡女孩研究(ECHO-PGS；UH3OD023244)的慢性应激史，纵向 目前年龄在24-27岁(71%为黑人；79%为低收入)的女性队列，自那以来每年接受评估 童年。参与者将完成产前实验室访问、为期10天的动态数据收集和产后检查 当他们的婴儿6个月大的时候去实验室探视。这项研究将利用现有的产前和婴儿数据 Echo-PGS同时增加了最先进的移动措施(智能手机、可穿戴生物传感设备) 测量真实世界中日常压力事件、压力调节和心理社会资源的变化 孕期，除了增加新的婴儿期ER生理指标外。董博士，获奖候选人， 是一位在实验室进行纵向研究经验丰富的发展心理病理学家- 从童年中期到成年早期。在这个K01中，候选人将获得有针对性的概念 在以下方面进行方法学培训：(1)婴儿期的ER，当时监管程序正在形成和敏感 应激传递；(2)实验室外每日产前应激调节的非卧床措施；以及 (3)密集纵向数据的先进统计方法。董建华博士的导师(希普韦尔博士、Low博士和 Smyth)和顾问(Fox博士和Krafty博士)非常适合指导候选人的培训，因为他们 在产前应激、婴儿情感和生理调节、非卧床等领域的综合专业知识 评估和密集的纵向数据分析。作为一家领先的研究机构，芝加哥大学 匹兹堡精神病学系是满足这些职业需要的最佳科学培训环境 发展目标。拟议中的K01是一个更大的独立研究计划的第一步，该计划将 重点关注心理病理学跨诊断易感性背后的产前压力和复原力因素。 这项工作有可能通过阐明敏感时期的恢复力过程来推动这一领域的发展 为早期预防性干预提供信息的发展窗口。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Evidence shows that maternal stress exposure during pregnancy can have enduring effects on offspring emotion regulation (ER), a transdiagnostic factor underlying the development of psychopathology. Although low-income and minority race women are more likely to experience daily recurring stressors, significant variability exists in the way individuals respond to stressors during pregnancy. Few studies have focused on identifying modifiable, protective factors during pregnancy that explain these individual differences, a critical step to informing preventative interventions. Guided by resilience theories, this study takes a daily-life approach to investigate the prospective association between maternal stress regulation during pregnancy and infant ER. The central hypothesis is that day-to-day fluctuations in prenatal psychosocial resources (social support, self-efficacy) will have a protective influence on daily maternal stress regulation during pregnancy (Aim 1) that, in turn, shapes infant ER outcomes (Aim 2). The study will recruit pregnant participants (N=90) with a history of chronic stress from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (ECHO-PGS; UH3OD023244), a longitudinal cohort of women currently aged 24-27 (71% Black; 79% low-income) who have been assessed annually since childhood. Participants will complete a prenatal lab visit, 10 days of ambulatory data collection, and a postnatal lab visit when their infant is 6-months old. This study will leverage available prenatal and infant data from the ECHO-PGS while adding state-of-the-art ambulatory measures (smartphone, wearable biosensing devices) to measure real-world changes in daily stressful events, stress regulation, and psychosocial resources during pregnancy, in addition to adding new physiological measures of ER in infancy. Dr. Tung, the award candidate, is a developmental psychopathologist with significant experience conducting longitudinal research in the lab- setting from middle childhood through early adulthood. In this K01, the candidate will gain targeted conceptual and methodological training in: (1) ER during infancy, when regulatory processes are emerging and sensitive to stress transmission, (2) ambulatory measures of daily prenatal stress regulation outside the lab setting, and (3) advanced statistical approaches for intensive longitudinal data. Dr. Tung’s mentors (Drs. Hipwell, Low, and Smyth) and consultants (Drs. Fox and Krafty) are ideally suited to guide the candidate’s training given their combined expertise in the fields of prenatal stress, infant affective and physiological regulation, ambulatory assessment, and intensive longitudinal data analytics. As a leading research institution, the University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry is an optimal scientific training environment to meet these career development goals. The proposed K01 is the first step in a larger program of independent research that will focus on prenatal stress and resilience factors underlying transdiagnostic vulnerability to psychopathology. This line of work has the potential to advance the field by elucidating resilience processes during sensitive windows of development to inform early preventative interventions.