Changes across the lifespan in the use of heuristics to guide decision-making

项目摘要 决策过程的时间尺度差异很大。虽然感知声音需要 信息收集的时间跨度只有几毫秒，决定谁结婚可能需要数年。决定- 制造商也随着时间的推移而变化。随着年龄的增长，我们的知觉和运动处理能力会发生变化， 知识基础、我们的动机和我们对风险变化的适应度，所有这些因素都有助于我们做出决策。 最近的研究表明，老年人可能更依赖于记忆来告知他们的决定， 年轻的成年人。相反，我们最近发现，帕金森病患者，几个相关的 沿着连续的α-突触核蛋白和tau蛋白病的神经退行性蛋白病，包括 阿尔茨海默氏病和这两种疾病的变种，在使用先前学习的信息时受损 （先验或先验）来指导感知决策。这些结果共同表明，使用先验知识的能力 用于决策的信息随着寿命的变化以及与衰老相关的疾病而变化。不知道是怎么回事 先验知识或直觉学在知觉决策中的应用在生命周期中发展或改变。同样 不知道使用记忆力进行决策的能力如何随着年龄或神经退行性疾病而受损。 疾病因此，我们建议开发一种新的动物模型的决策行为在整个生命周期 为了验证这一假设，即年轻人和老年人使用决策学是不同的， 与年龄相关的蛋白质病和神经退化我们提出的实验结果将提供一个 一种新的健康和疾病衰老动物模型中决策变化的时间轴。结果将 为未来旨在揭示神经回路和神经药理学的实验提供基础 潜在的决策变化的寿命和与年龄相关的蛋白质病变沿着突触核蛋白- tau蛋白质连续体，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和这些疾病的变体，以及 从而促进与这些疾病相关的认知障碍的新治疗的开发。

PROJECT SUMMARY Decision-making operates over vastly different temporal scales. Although perceiving a sound requires information gathered over a time span of just milliseconds, deciding whom to marry may require years. Decision- makers also change over time. As we age, our perceptual and motor processing abilities change but also our knowledge base, our motivations and our comfort with risk change, all factors that contribute to our decisions. Recent work indicates that older adults may rely more on heuristics to inform their decisions, compared to younger adults. Conversely, we recently discovered that people with Parkinson’s disease, one of several related neurodegenerative proteinopathies falling along a continuum of alpha-synuclein and tauopathy that includes Alzheimer’s disease and variants of these two diseases, are impaired in the use of previously learned information (priors or heuristics) to guide perceptual decisions. Together these results indicate that the ability to use prior information for decisions changes over the lifespan and with diseases associated with aging. It is unknown how the use of priors or heuristics for perceptual decision-making develops or changes over the lifespan. It is equally unknown how the ability to use heuristics for decision-making is impaired with aging or neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we propose to develop a novel animal model of decision-making behavior over the lifespan to test the hypothesis that the use of heuristics for decision-making differs between young and old and those with age-related proteinopathy and neurodegeneration. The results of our proposed experiments will provide a timeline of decision-making changes in a novel animal model of aging in health and disease. The results will provide the groundwork for future experiments designed to unravel the neural circuitry and neuropharmacology underlying decision-making changes over the lifespan and with age-related proteinopathies along the synuclein- tauopahy continuum, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and variants of these diseases, and thus facilitate the development of novel treatments for cognitive impairment associated with these diseases.