Changes across the lifespan in the use of heuristics to guide decision-making

项目总结 决策在截然不同的时间尺度上进行。尽管感知声音需要 在短短几毫秒的时间内收集信息，决定嫁给谁可能需要数年时间。决定-- 制造商也会随着时间的推移而改变。随着年龄的增长，我们的知觉和运动处理能力会发生变化，但我们的 知识基础，我们的动机和我们对风险变化的舒适感，所有这些因素都有助于我们的决策。 最近的研究表明，老年人可能更多地依赖启发式方法来做出决定，而不是 更年轻的成年人。相反，我们最近发现，帕金森氏症患者与 神经退行性蛋白病沿着α-突触核蛋白和相互作用的连续体下降，包括 阿尔茨海默病和这两种疾病的变种，在使用以前学习的信息时受到损害 (先验或试探法)引导知觉的决定。总而言之，这些结果表明使用之前的能力 决策信息随着寿命的变化和与衰老相关的疾病而变化。目前还不清楚是如何做到的 使用先验或启发式方法进行感性决策是在人的一生中发展或改变的。它同样也是 不知道使用启发式进行决策的能力如何随着年龄的增长或神经退行性变而受损 疾病。因此，我们建议开发一种新的终生决策行为的动物模型。 来检验这样的假设，即启发式决策的使用在年轻人和老年人之间是不同的 与年龄相关的蛋白质病和神经退行性变。我们建议的实验结果将提供一个 在健康和疾病中衰老的新动物模型中决策变化的时间表。结果将会是 为未来旨在解开神经回路和神经药理学的实验奠定了基础 随着寿命的延长和突触核蛋白的年龄相关蛋白病变，潜在的决策变化- 包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森氏病和这些疾病的变种的连续统一体，以及 从而促进与这些疾病相关的认知障碍的新治疗方法的开发。

PROJECT SUMMARY Decision-making operates over vastly different temporal scales. Although perceiving a sound requires information gathered over a time span of just milliseconds, deciding whom to marry may require years. Decision- makers also change over time. As we age, our perceptual and motor processing abilities change but also our knowledge base, our motivations and our comfort with risk change, all factors that contribute to our decisions. Recent work indicates that older adults may rely more on heuristics to inform their decisions, compared to younger adults. Conversely, we recently discovered that people with Parkinson’s disease, one of several related neurodegenerative proteinopathies falling along a continuum of alpha-synuclein and tauopathy that includes Alzheimer’s disease and variants of these two diseases, are impaired in the use of previously learned information (priors or heuristics) to guide perceptual decisions. Together these results indicate that the ability to use prior information for decisions changes over the lifespan and with diseases associated with aging. It is unknown how the use of priors or heuristics for perceptual decision-making develops or changes over the lifespan. It is equally unknown how the ability to use heuristics for decision-making is impaired with aging or neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we propose to develop a novel animal model of decision-making behavior over the lifespan to test the hypothesis that the use of heuristics for decision-making differs between young and old and those with age-related proteinopathy and neurodegeneration. The results of our proposed experiments will provide a timeline of decision-making changes in a novel animal model of aging in health and disease. The results will provide the groundwork for future experiments designed to unravel the neural circuitry and neuropharmacology underlying decision-making changes over the lifespan and with age-related proteinopathies along the synuclein- tauopahy continuum, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and variants of these diseases, and thus facilitate the development of novel treatments for cognitive impairment associated with these diseases.