2013 Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World GRC & GRS

2013 眼动：看世界的运动系统 GRC

• 批准号: 8527325
• 负责人: Michele A Basso
• 金额: $ 6.5万
• 依托单位: GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8527325
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Attention; Behavior; Biology; Biomechanics; Blindness; Boxing; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebral cortex; Characteristics; Cognition; Collaborations; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Disease; Ensure; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gap Junctions; Goals; Growth; Head Movements; Health; Hearing; Image; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Lateral Geniculate Body; Lead; Learning; Light; Mammals; Motor; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Ocular Motility Disorders; Ocular orbit; Participant; Perception; Peripheral; Physicians; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Process; Public Health; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Personnel; Rodent Model; Role; Rotation; Running; Saccades; Schedule; Science; Scientist; Severities; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Students; Symptoms; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Technology; Vertebrates; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; career; cognitive neuroscience; computational neuroscience; design; extrastriate visual cortex; fundamental research; gaze; imaging modality; insight; interdisciplinary approach; mathematical model; meetings; motor control; neural circuit; new technology; next generation; novel; novel strategies; oculomotor; optogenetics; programs; public health relevance; success; symposium; visual control; visual neuroscience; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The oculomotor system is arguably the best understood motor control system. Traditionally, oculomotor scientists studied each eye movement subsystem in isolation. Only recently have scientists turned their attention to more complex problems such as the neuronal control of combined vergence and saccadic eye movements or the neuronal control of combined saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Advances in these areas are opening up new topics of inquiry to the field of oculomotor neuroscience such as target selection - how does the brain select a single visual stimulus to guide eye movements? Is the process of selection the same for different eye movement subsystems or is it a shared mechanism? Do binocular disparity signals provide a low-level target selection mechanism for saccades or pursuit? Questions such as these are generating much excitement in the field and are producing results that have implications for the fields of visual neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience and computational neuroscience. As such, our goal in this application is to provide the oculomotor science community a forum to present and hear about cutting-edge research and to interact in an intimate, informal yet scientifically rigorous setting. In 2005, we held the first oculomotor Gordon Research Conference (GRC) ever, titled Oculomotor System Biology. The success of the first meeting resulted in second, sponsored GRC in 2007. The third and so far, most successful oculomotor GRC occurred in 2011, titled Eye Movements: The Motor System that Sees the World. The topics included: Eye Movements as a Probe for Attention, Perception, and Decision Making Mechanisms, in which the speaker's explored how the oculomotor system is used as a read-out for perceptual decision-making; The Action between Eye Movements, which explored the characteristics and control mechanisms for microsaccades and Central and Peripheral Oculomotor Subsystems in Health and Disease, which evaluated new findings about the role of peripheral mechanisms in controlling eye orientation. In the meeting scheduled for 2013 we hope to capitalize on the excitement generated from the 2011 meeting and plan to explore topics such as: Rodent Models for Higher Order Oculomotor Control; In this session the recent surge in the use of small mammals that are easily manipulated genetically to explore cognition and eye movements will be the theme. Beyond Black Boxes - New Computational Approaches for Understanding Oculomotor Control; in this session the topic of applying mathematical models to the oculomotor system such as Bayesian inference will be explored. More than Pretty Pictures- Lessons Learned from Imaging the Oculomotor System; in this session, we will explore how the technique of fMRI and other imaging methods enhances our understanding of the neural circuits underlying eye movements. This proposal requests support for a conference whose objective is to bring together scientists and physicians to discuss recent work in the oculomotor system. We plan to bring together early-career and established investigators to propel forward novel research venues and collaborations.

描述（由申请人提供）：眼动系统可以说是最好理解的运动控制系统。传统上，眼科科学家孤立地研究每个眼动子系统。直到最近，科学家们才将注意力转向更复杂的问题，如联合聚散和扫视眼球运动的神经元控制或联合扫视和平滑追踪眼球运动的神经元控制。这些领域的进展正在为眼神经科学领域开辟新的研究课题，例如目标选择-大脑如何选择单一视觉刺激来引导眼球运动？对于不同的眼动子系统，选择的过程是相同的还是共享的机制？双眼视差信号是否为扫视或追踪提供了一种低层次的目标选择机制？诸如此类的问题在该领域引起了极大的兴奋，并产生了对视觉神经科学，认知神经科学和计算神经科学领域有影响的结果。因此，我们在这个应用程序中的目标是为眼科科学界提供一个论坛，以展示和听取前沿研究，并在一个亲密，非正式但科学严谨的环境中进行互动。2005年，我们举办了第一届眼视系统戈登研究会议（GRC），题为眼视系统生物学。第一次会议的成功促成了2007年第二次赞助的GRC。第三次也是迄今为止最成功的一次眼动GRC发生在2011年，名为“眼动：看到世界的运动系统”。这些专题包括：眼动作为注意力，知觉和决策机制的探针，其中演讲者探索了眼动系统如何被用作知觉决策的读出;眼动之间的作用，探讨了健康和疾病中微扫视和中央和外周眼动子系统的特征和控制机制，该研究评估了关于周边机制在控制眼睛方向中的作用的新发现。在定于2013年举行的会议上，我们希望利用2011年会议产生的兴奋，并计划探讨以下主题：用于高阶眼动控制的啮齿动物模型;在这次会议上，最近使用易于遗传操纵的小型哺乳动物来探索认知和眼球运动的激增将成为主题。超越黑箱-理解视觉控制的新计算方法;在本课程中，将探讨将数学模型应用于视觉系统的主题，如贝叶斯推理。不仅仅是漂亮的图片-从视觉系统成像中学到的经验教训;在这个会议上，我们将探讨功能磁共振成像技术和其他成像方法如何增强我们对眼球运动背后的神经回路的理解。该提案要求支持召开一次会议，其目标是召集科学家和医生讨论眼科系统的最新工作。我们计划将早期的职业生涯和建立的研究人员聚集在一起，以推动新的研究场所和合作。