PROBING THE CELL-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF FOCAL CORTICAL SEIZURE EVENTS IN VIVO
PROBING THE CELL-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF FOCAL CORTICAL SEIZURE EVENTS IN VIVO
批准号:
10553167
负责人:
Stelios Manolis Smirnakis
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2020-01-01 至 2023-12-31
关键词:
4-AminopyridineAreaBrainCellsChronicContralateralConvulsantsCraniocerebral TraumaDetectionDevelopmentDiagnosisDrug resistanceElectric StimulationElectroencephalographyEpilepsyEtiologyEventEvolutionFocal SeizureFrequenciesFutureHumanImageIndividualInjectionsInjuryInterneuronsInterruptionLateralLeadLesionMeasuresMedicalMethodsMicroscopyModelingMorbidity - disease rateMotor CortexMusNeocortexNeuronsOperative Surgical ProceduresOutcomePartial EpilepsiesPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPenetrating Head InjuriesPharmaceutical PreparationsPhasePhotonsPilocarpinePlayPopulationPositioning AttributePost-Traumatic EpilepsyPrevalencePropertyRecurrenceRefractoryRoleSeizuresSiteStrokeStudy modelsSurfaceTechniquesTemporal LobeTestingTherapeuticTimeTraumaTraumatic Brain InjuryVeteransVietnamVisual CortexVisual Systemarea V1area V2area striatacell typeencephalographyepileptiformexcitatory neuronexperimental studyfrontal lobegamma-Aminobutyric Acidhigh riskhippocampal pyramidal neuronin vivoin vivo monitoringmilitary veteranmouse modelneocorticalnervous system disorderneural circuitoptogeneticspatch clamppharmacologicpreservationreceptorrecruittransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvoltage
中文摘要
癫痫是一种常见的严重的神经系统疾病,1年患病率约为7/1,000,
机制知之甚少。 它在退伍军人中的流行率很高。 脑外伤后患者
损伤在损伤后数十年内具有癫痫高风险,导致相当高的发病率。 15年时
在受伤后,越南头部损伤研究中51%的受试者被诊断为癫痫发作。 明确
癫痫是VA人群的一个重要问题。 获得性创伤常导致局灶性失衡
在兴奋和抑制之间,这会驱使正常的神经回路进入自我维持的状态。
振荡活动状态表现为皮层表面EEG上的癫痫发作。 这一现象显然证明,
研究,因为它与表现为局灶性癫痫发作的多种神经系统疾病(包括慢性局灶性癫痫发作)相同
癫痫,这是创伤后癫痫最常见的形式。 具体来说,我们需要了解
个体神经元被招募到体内的发作事件中,招募的顺序是什么,
募集随时间的变化导致发作活动的开始和抵消,募集如何取决于
兴奋性神经元与特定类别的抑制性中间神经元之间的相互作用,以及是否招募
沿着某些电路路径比沿着其它电路路径更有效地沿着。
我们将联合收割机大规模体内2-光子显微镜技术与特异性光遗传学调节相结合,
选择的细胞类型和单个单位膜片钳记录,以研究局灶性
在局灶性癫痫发作的4-氨基吡啶(4-NHAP)小鼠模型中引发癫痫发作。 我们建议研究和
比较视觉和运动皮层,这两个区域具有不同的致敏潜力。 4-BMAP模型是一个
一个可靠的,建立良好的,局灶性新皮层癫痫发作诱导脑电图(EEG)事件的模型
类似于在患有局灶性创伤后癫痫的人类患者中观察到的低电压快速癫痫发作事件。
与其他化疗惊厥药相比,GABA-β能传递相对保留,使4-β AP成为理想的
一个模型,用于研究正常的抑制回路如何无法控制由神经元驱动的异常事件的传播。
过度兴奋被认为发生在外伤后癫痫。
在目标#1中,我们将测量单个神经元到神经元分化进展阶段的募集概况。
在4-ADP注射后通过EEG观察到的局灶性新皮质癫痫发作事件,并将确定如何招募
取决于细胞类型和沿着皮层回路的沿着位置。 GABA能中间神经元的3个主要类别
(PV+、SOM+、VIP+)将在体内进行监测,并在层中表征它们对癫痫发作事件的募集
2/3、4和5,在V1区(4-ADP注射部位)以及V2区和对侧皮质。 我们
预期皮层神经元在发作间期、发作前、发作期和发作后受到不同的调制
阶段。 癫痫样活动演变过程中不同类型神经元的募集特征
发作间期到发作期将提供关于这些神经元在癫痫发作进展中所起作用的信息。 以识别
电路故障的普遍主题,我们将比较4-氨基酚AP的毛果芸香碱模型的局灶性癫痫发作。
在目标#2中,我们将使用光遗传学方法来询问不同的中间神经元类型的因果作用,
局灶性癫痫样活动从发作间期到发作的演变,并测试如何停止癫痫发作。 我们预计
不同的中间神经元类别对局部皮层回路的夹带做出了不同的贡献,
致癫痫活动 这可能取决于皮质层。 中间神经元参与差异在
癫痫发作进展的各个阶段将是控制发作活动的主要目标。
了解单个神经元如何被招募到局灶性癫痫的癫痫发作事件中,以及它们如何
影响癫痫发作将成为未来发展新的、基于电路的治疗策略的基础
针对特定的细胞类别。 这代表了与当前药理学互补的范式转变
接近。
英文摘要
Epilepsy is a common severe neurological disorder with one-year prevalence ~7/1,000, whose circuit
mechanisms are poorly understood. Its prevalence is high among veterans. Patients with post-traumatic brain
injury carry a high risk of epilepsy for decades following injury, causing considerable morbidity. At 15 years
following injury 51% of the subjects in the Vietnam Head Injury Study carried a diagnosis of seizure. Clearly
epilepsy is an important problem for the VA population. Acquired trauma often leads to focal imbalance
between excitation and inhibition, which drives otherwise normal neural circuits into self-perpetuating
oscillatory activity states manifesting as seizures on cortical surface EEG. This phenomenon clearly warrants
study as it is shared by multiple neurological disorders presenting with focal seizures, including chronic focal
epilepsy, which is the most common form of post-traumatic epilepsy. Specifically, we need to understand how
individual neurons get recruited into ictal events in vivo, what is the sequence of recruitment, how properties of
recruitment change with time leading to the onset and offset of ictal activity, how recruitment depends on the
interaction between excitatory neurons with specific classes of inhibitory interneurons, and whether recruitment
proceeds more efficiently along certain circuit pathways more than others.
We will combine large scale in vivo 2-photon microscopy techniques with specific optogenetic modulation of
selected cell types and individual unit patch-clamp recordings to study the emergence and spread of focally
initiated seizures in the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) mouse model of focal ictogenesis. We propose to study and
compare visual and motor cortex, two areas with different potential for ictogenicity. The 4-AP model is a
reliable, well-established, model of focal neocortical seizures inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) events
similar to the low-voltage fast-onset events observed in human patients with focal post-traumatic epilepsy.
Compared to other chemo-convulsants, GABA-ergic transmission is relatively preserved, making 4-AP an ideal
model for studying how normal inhibitory circuits fail to contain the spread of abnormal events driven by an
excess of excitation as has been argued to occur in post-traumatic epilepsy.
In Aim #1, we will measure the profile of recruitment of individual neurons to the phases of progression of
focal neocortical seizure events observed by EEG after 4-AP injection, and will determine how recruitment
depends on cell type and position along the cortical circuit. The 3 major classes of GABA-ergic interneurons
(PV+, SOM+, VIP+) will be monitored in vivo and their recruitment to seizure events characterized in layers
2/3, 4, and 5, in area V1 (the site of 4-AP injection) as well as in area V2 and the contralateral cortex. We
expect cortical neurons to be differentially modulated during the interictal, pre-ictal, ictal-proper and post-ictal
phases. Recruitment profiles of different neuronal types during the evolution of epileptiform activity from
interictal to ictal will be informative about the role these neurons play in seizure progression. To identify
universal themes of circuit malfunction we will compare 4-AP to the pilocarpine model of focal ictogenesis.
In Aim #2, we will use optogenetic methods to interrogate the causal role of different interneuronal types in
the evolution of focal epileptiform activity from interictal to ictal and test how to stop the seizures. We expect
that different interneuron classes make distinct contributions to the entrainment of local cortical circuits by
ictogenic activity. This will likely depend on cortical layer. Interneurons that engage differentially during the
various phases of seizure progression will be prime targets for controlling ictal activity.
Understanding how individual neurons get recruited into seizure events in focal epilepsy and how they
influence ictogenesis will form the basis for the future development of new, circuit-based, therapeutic strategies
targeting specific cell classes. This represents a shift of paradigm complementary to current pharmacologic
approaches.
期刊论文(0)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
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