PROBING THE CELL-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF FOCAL CORTICAL SEIZURE EVENTS IN VIVO
PROBING THE CELL-SPECIFIC CONTROL OF FOCAL CORTICAL SEIZURE EVENTS IN VIVO
批准号:
9889763
负责人:
Stelios Manolis Smirnakis
金额:
$0.0万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2020-01-01 至 2023-12-31
关键词:
4-AminopyridineAreaBrainCellsChronicContralateralConvulsantsCraniocerebral TraumaDetectionDevelopmentDiagnosisDrug resistanceElectric StimulationEpilepsyEtiologyEventEvolutionFocal SeizureFrequenciesFutureHumanImageIndividualInjectionsInjuryInterneuronsInterruptionLateralLeadLesionMeasuresMedicalMethodsMicroscopyModelingMorbidity - disease rateMotor CortexMusNeuronsOperative Surgical ProceduresOutcomePartial EpilepsiesPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPenetrating Head InjuriesPharmaceutical PreparationsPharmacologyPhasePhotonsPilocarpinePlayPopulationPositioning AttributePost-Traumatic EpilepsyPrevalencePropertyRefractoryRoleSeizuresSiteStrokeStudy modelsSurfaceTechniquesTemporal LobeTestingTherapeuticTimeTraumaTraumatic Brain InjuryVeteransVietnamVisual CortexVisual system structurearea V1area V2area striatabasecell typeexcitatory neuronexperimental studyfrontal lobehigh riskhippocampal pyramidal neuronin vivoin vivo monitoringmouse modelneocorticalnervous system disorderneural circuitoptogeneticspatch clamppreservationreceptorrecruittransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvoltage
中文摘要
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英文摘要
Epilepsy is a common severe neurological disorder with one-year prevalence ~7/1,000, whose circuit
mechanisms are poorly understood. Its prevalence is high among veterans. Patients with post-traumatic brain
injury carry a high risk of epilepsy for decades following injury, causing considerable morbidity. At 15 years
following injury 51% of the subjects in the Vietnam Head Injury Study carried a diagnosis of seizure. Clearly
epilepsy is an important problem for the VA population. Acquired trauma often leads to focal imbalance
between excitation and inhibition, which drives otherwise normal neural circuits into self-perpetuating
oscillatory activity states manifesting as seizures on cortical surface EEG. This phenomenon clearly warrants
study as it is shared by multiple neurological disorders presenting with focal seizures, including chronic focal
epilepsy, which is the most common form of post-traumatic epilepsy. Specifically, we need to understand how
individual neurons get recruited into ictal events in vivo, what is the sequence of recruitment, how properties of
recruitment change with time leading to the onset and offset of ictal activity, how recruitment depends on the
interaction between excitatory neurons with specific classes of inhibitory interneurons, and whether recruitment
proceeds more efficiently along certain circuit pathways more than others.
We will combine large scale in vivo 2-photon microscopy techniques with specific optogenetic modulation of
selected cell types and individual unit patch-clamp recordings to study the emergence and spread of focally
initiated seizures in the 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) mouse model of focal ictogenesis. We propose to study and
compare visual and motor cortex, two areas with different potential for ictogenicity. The 4-AP model is a
reliable, well-established, model of focal neocortical seizures inducing electroencephalographic (EEG) events
similar to the low-voltage fast-onset events observed in human patients with focal post-traumatic epilepsy.
Compared to other chemo-convulsants, GABA-ergic transmission is relatively preserved, making 4-AP an ideal
model for studying how normal inhibitory circuits fail to contain the spread of abnormal events driven by an
excess of excitation as has been argued to occur in post-traumatic epilepsy.
In Aim #1, we will measure the profile of recruitment of individual neurons to the phases of progression of
focal neocortical seizure events observed by EEG after 4-AP injection, and will determine how recruitment
depends on cell type and position along the cortical circuit. The 3 major classes of GABA-ergic interneurons
(PV+, SOM+, VIP+) will be monitored in vivo and their recruitment to seizure events characterized in layers
2/3, 4, and 5, in area V1 (the site of 4-AP injection) as well as in area V2 and the contralateral cortex. We
expect cortical neurons to be differentially modulated during the interictal, pre-ictal, ictal-proper and post-ictal
phases. Recruitment profiles of different neuronal types during the evolution of epileptiform activity from
interictal to ictal will be informative about the role these neurons play in seizure progression. To identify
universal themes of circuit malfunction we will compare 4-AP to the pilocarpine model of focal ictogenesis.
In Aim #2, we will use optogenetic methods to interrogate the causal role of different interneuronal types in
the evolution of focal epileptiform activity from interictal to ictal and test how to stop the seizures. We expect
that different interneuron classes make distinct contributions to the entrainment of local cortical circuits by
ictogenic activity. This will likely depend on cortical layer. Interneurons that engage differentially during the
various phases of seizure progression will be prime targets for controlling ictal activity.
Understanding how individual neurons get recruited into seizure events in focal epilepsy and how they
influence ictogenesis will form the basis for the future development of new, circuit-based, therapeutic strategies
targeting specific cell classes. This represents a shift of paradigm complementary to current pharmacologic
approaches.
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