PRODUCTION AND ABSORPTION OF INTESTINAL GAS

这项提议的总体目标是继续我的学习， 使用气体作为探测器来研究人体生理学。具体目标 这项建议的内容如下。 1)定量测定正常人管腔搅动的效率 通过测定小肠的水解度 二糖。这种搅拌决定了 覆盖粘膜并提供扩散的未搅动层 阻碍所有溶质的吸收。此外， 瘤胃内容物的粘度和营养成分对其影响的研究 将对流明搅拌进行研究。作为一个相关的项目， 犬和大鼠绒毛间隙的搅拌效率 将研究评估绒毛表面积对 吸附和表面水解。来自这些研究的数据可以是 与来自肠道疾病的受试者进行比较以确定 如果腔内搅拌不足在吸收不良中起作用 患有肠道疾病的患者。 2)单独确定产生H2消耗的H2的作用 生物体：a)产氢量很高或很低的受试者 以及b)适应高纤维饮食或乳糖酶的受试者 缺乏适应高乳糖饮食的受试者。H2是一个专业 排气的组成和对其影响因素的理解 调节肠道中的氢气积累对于理解 胃胀气的发病机制和可能的治疗方法。 摄入高剂量纤维或乳糖的受试者最初有 严重的腹胀症状，随着持续摄入 吃的东西。这种改进似乎反映了一种适应 以及这些研究将确定是否 产氢或消耗氢的生物体的变化参与了 这种改编。 3)利用肺泡空气中一氧化碳(CO)的测量来 评估红细胞(RBC)周转率。目前还没有 简单、快速地检测红细胞周转率，并建议 根据环境PCO校正的肺泡PCO的评估 为红细胞存活提供了一种临床上有用的检测方法。 4)利用从基质中释放的CO的测量作为衡量 氧化损伤。拟议的研究将使用果糖作为测试 化合物：a)确定参与这种氧化的碳 和b)测试各种生物的氧化-抗氧化活性 体液。氧化剂损伤对健康有广泛的影响，而且 CO的释放似乎是这种损伤的一个独特的标志。

The overall goal of this proposal is to continue my studies that have employed gases as probes to study human physiology. The specific aims of this proposal are as follows. 1) Quantitate the efficiency of luminal stirring in the normal human small intestine via measurements of the hydrolysis of disaccharides. this stirring determines the thickness of the unstirred layer that covers the mucosa and provides a diffusion barrier to the absorption of all solutes. In addition, the influence of the viscosity and nutrients of luminal contents on luminal stirring will be investigated. As a related project, the efficiency of stirring of the intervillous space of dogs and rats will be studied to assess the role of villous surface area on absorption and surface hydrolysis. Data from these studies can be compared to that from subjects with intestinal disease to determine if inadequate luminal stirring plays a role in the malabsorption of patients with bowel disease. 2) Separately identify the role of H2 producing the H2 consuming organisms: a) in subjects with very high or very low H2 production and b) in subjects adapting to a high fiber diet or lactase deficient subjects adapting to a high lactose diet. H2 is a major component of flatus and hence understanding of the factors regulating H2 accumulation in the gut is important to understanding the pathogenesis and potential approaches to therapy of flatulence. Subjects ingesting high dose of fiber or lactose initially have severe flatulent symptoms that improve with continued ingestion of the foodstuff. This improvement seemingly reflects an adaptation of the gas producing flora and these studies will determine if changes in H2 producing or H2 consuming organisms are involved in this adaptation. 3) Utilize measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in alveolar air to assess red blood cell (RBC) turnover. At present there is no simple, rapid test for RBC turnover and it is proposed that the assessment of alveolar PCO corrected for environmental PCO will provide a clinically useful test for RBC survival. 4) Utilize measurements of CO release from substrates as a measure of oxidant injury. The proposed studies will use fructose as a test compound to: a) identify the carbons involved in this oxidation and b) test the oxidant-antioxidant activity of various biological fluids. Oxidant injury has widespread implications for health, and CO release appears to be a unique marker of this injury.