PRODUCTION AND ABSORPTION OF INTESTINAL GAS

这项建议的总体目标是利用气体来研究不同的 人体生理学的各个方面。 具体目标如下： 1)测量人小肠中的管腔搅拌效率 狗使用一氧化碳（CO）和其他化合物作为探针。 这些 研究将1）确定是否以各种形式发生吸收不良 肠道病理学的部分原因可能是搅拌不充分， 腔内容物;和2）确定肠道运动的哪个方面 引起腔搅拌。 2)确定是否简单测量一氧化碳的浓度， 呼出的空气样本可以作为红细胞的快速定量测量， 寿命 这样的测试应该有主要的临床实用性， 贫血的评价 3)观察到血清（和其他生物材料）自发地 当暴露于O2时产生CO。 这种自发的CO产生似乎 是血清中某些成分氧化的敏感指标。 我们将 研究人血清自发产生CO的性质， 确定这种CO产生的可能临床意义。 4)粪便细菌既产生又消耗H2， 先前已经测量了两个过程。 在各种临床 在H2生产被认为是重要的情况下，我们将 独立测量总H2产量、H2消耗量和净H2 生产和确定这两个过程中的哪一个已经改变。 5)酸奶中的细菌β-半乳糖苷酶使乳糖酶缺乏 受试者更容易吸收酸奶中的乳糖比牛奶中的乳糖。 使用呼吸H2测量将测试改性酸奶的能力 （其含有通常B-半乳糖苷酶活性的四倍），以增强 乳糖酶缺乏受试者的乳糖吸收。 这样的酸奶会发现 广泛用作增强牛奶中乳糖吸收的天然手段。

The general aim of this proposal is to employ gases to study different aspects of human physiology. The specific aims are as follows: 1) Measure the efficiency of luminal stirring in the small bowel of man and dogs using carbon monoxide (CO) and other compounds as probes. These studies will 1) determine if the malabsorption occurring in various forms of intestinal pathology could result, in part, from inadequate stirring of luminal contents; and 2) determine what aspect of intestinal motility induces luminal stirring. 2) Determine if the simple measurement of the concentration of CO in an expired air sample can serve as a rapid, quantitative measure of red cell life span. Such a test should have major clinical utility in the evaluation of anemia. 3) Serum (and other biological materials) were observed to spontaneously produce CO when exposed to O2. This spontaneous CO production appears to be a sensitive indicator of oxidation of some component in serum. We will investigate the nature of spontaneous CO production by human serum and determine the possible clinical implications of such CO production. 4) Fecal bacterial both produce and consume H2, and only the net of these two processes has been measured previously. In a variety of clinical situations where H2 production is thought to be important, we will independently measure total H2 production, H2 consumption, and net H2 production and determine which of these two processes has been altered. 5) The bacterial B-galactosidase in yogurt allows lactase deficient subjects to absorb lactose in yogurt more readily than lactose in milk. Using breath H2 measurements will test the ability of a modified yogurt (which contains four times the usual B-galactosidase activity) to enhance lactose absorption in lactase deficient subjects. Such a yogurt would find wide use as a natural means of enhancing lactose absorption from milk.