PRODUCTION AND ABSORPTION OF INTESTINAL GAS

这项提议的总体目标是利用气体来研究不同的 人类生理学的各个方面。具体目标如下： 1)测量人体小肠腔内搅动的效率 以及使用一氧化碳(CO)和其他化合物作为探针的狗。这些 研究将1)确定吸收不良是否以各种形式发生 肠道病理改变的部分原因可能是不充分的搅拌 肠腔内容物；以及2)确定肠道运动的哪个方面 引起管腔搅动。 2)确定简单测量空气中的CO浓度是否 呼出的空气样本可以作为红细胞的快速定量测量。 寿命。这样的测试应该在临床上有很大的实用价值 贫血的评估。 3)自发观察血清(及其他生物材料) 暴露在氧气中时会产生一氧化碳。这种自发产生的一氧化碳似乎 是血清中某些成分氧化的敏感指标。我们会 探讨人血清和人血中一氧化碳自发产生的性质 确定这种一氧化碳产生的可能的临床意义。 4)粪便细菌既产生和消耗H2，也只有这些细菌的网 之前已经测量了两个过程。在各种临床上 在氢气生产被认为很重要的情况下，我们将 独立测量总氢气产量、氢气消耗量和净氢气 生产，并确定这两个过程中的哪一个发生了变化。 5)酸奶中的细菌B-半乳糖苷酶使乳糖酶缺乏 受试者更容易吸收酸奶中的乳糖而不是牛奶中的乳糖。 使用呼气氢气测量将测试改良酸奶的能力 (它含有四倍于通常的B-半乳糖苷酶活性)，以增强 乳糖酶缺乏者的乳糖吸收。这样的酸奶会发现 广泛用作增强牛奶中乳糖吸收的天然手段。

The general aim of this proposal is to employ gases to study different aspects of human physiology. The specific aims are as follows: 1) Measure the efficiency of luminal stirring in the small bowel of man and dogs using carbon monoxide (CO) and other compounds as probes. These studies will 1) determine if the malabsorption occurring in various forms of intestinal pathology could result, in part, from inadequate stirring of luminal contents; and 2) determine what aspect of intestinal motility induces luminal stirring. 2) Determine if the simple measurement of the concentration of CO in an expired air sample can serve as a rapid, quantitative measure of red cell life span. Such a test should have major clinical utility in the evaluation of anemia. 3) Serum (and other biological materials) were observed to spontaneously produce CO when exposed to O2. This spontaneous CO production appears to be a sensitive indicator of oxidation of some component in serum. We will investigate the nature of spontaneous CO production by human serum and determine the possible clinical implications of such CO production. 4) Fecal bacterial both produce and consume H2, and only the net of these two processes has been measured previously. In a variety of clinical situations where H2 production is thought to be important, we will independently measure total H2 production, H2 consumption, and net H2 production and determine which of these two processes has been altered. 5) The bacterial B-galactosidase in yogurt allows lactase deficient subjects to absorb lactose in yogurt more readily than lactose in milk. Using breath H2 measurements will test the ability of a modified yogurt (which contains four times the usual B-galactosidase activity) to enhance lactose absorption in lactase deficient subjects. Such a yogurt would find wide use as a natural means of enhancing lactose absorption from milk.