FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE FRONTAL EYE FIELD

拟议的实验调查了 灵长类前额视场及其在执行任务中的作用 自主眼球运动，主要是扫视和顺畅追逐。为 这两种动作，最基本的步骤都是1.选择一个目标 从多种可能性中，2.处理其中的空间参数 目标，以及3.计算将最好地跟踪 目标。这些过程背后的皮质机制将是 分析：目标1是通过以下方式分析FEF参与目标选择 教猴子根据颜色和学习选择周围目标 目标选择和眼动执行的活动。追逐- 相关神经元将在外周选择期间进行研究 目标朝不同的方向移动；我假设这些神经元 将根据选择的目标进行响应，当 选择沿其首选方向移动的目标。目标位置 将是眼跳相关的模拟实验中的关键因素 神经元，也将测试快速靶子的相关性 由快速扫视模式产生的选择。目标2是 分析由感官获得的空间目标参数类型 FEF神经元的输入。对移动目标的扫视是准确的，尽管 目标在对准其所需时间内的位移 FEF及以上位置将通过定量测绘确定 眼跳相关FEF细胞的反应场与眼跳的关系 为移动的目标干杯。同样地，顺畅的追求不仅由 目标速度，但也由平滑和瞬时图像加速和 由位置目标误差决定。其中每一项的贡献都截然不同 参数，以及眼球位置和速度对活动的影响 将使用一种方法对FEF追踪神经元进行量化 分析小脑小叶的追踪相关活动。目标3是 分析FEF在适应性影响眼动指标中的作用 根据特定的目标台阶和坡道调节眼球运动反应。 扫视方向将受以下瞬时位移的影响 当眼睛在飞行时，目标位置，并通过 紧随其后的目标运动方向的突变 追捕开始。潜在电机规格的相关变化 这种学习。目标4是将整个FEF表示映射为 扫视和流畅的追逐眼球运动，同时进行之前的 3个目标，并探索额叶皮质的弓形区域 眼球运动和眼皮眨眼的可能表现。 总体而言，拟议的实验将有助于确定 大脑皮层影响不同类型的眼球运动，以及 从而有助于眼球运动障碍的诊断和治疗 神经疾病，甚至精神疾病，如 精神分裂症。

The proposed experiments investigate the functional organization of the primate frontal eye field (FEF) and its role in the execution of voluntary eye movements, principally saccade and smooth pursuit. For both types of movement, the essential steps are to 1. Select one target from multiple possibilities, 2. Process the spatial parameters of that target, and 3. Reckon the movement metrics that will best track the target. Cortical mechanisms underlying each of these processes will be analyzed: Aim 1 is to analyze FEF involvement in target selection by teaching monkeys to select peripheral targets based on color and studying the activity of target selection, and eye movement execution. Pursuit- related neurons will be studied during selection between peripheral targets moving in different directions; I hypothesize that these neurons will response on the basis of the selected target, being excited when the target moving in their preferred direction is selected. Target location will be critical factor in analogous experiments of saccade-related neurons, which will also be tested for correlates of the rapid target selection engendered by the express saccade paradigm. Aim 2 is to analyze the types of spatial target parameters derived from sensory inputs by FEF neurons. Saccade to moving targets are accurate despite displacement of the target during the time needed to register its position and beyond FEF will be ascertained by quantitative mapping response fields of saccade-related FEF cells in conjunction with saccade to moving targets. Similarly, smooth pursuits is guided by not only target velocity, but also by smooth and transient image accelerations and by positional target error. The contributions of each of these distinct parameters, as well as orbital eye position and velocity, to the activity of FEF pursuit neurons will be quantified with a methodology used to analyze pursuit-related activity in the cerebellar flocculus. Aim 3 is to analyze FEF's role in adaptive influences on eye movement metric by conditioning the oculomotor responses to specific target steps and ramps. Saccade direction will be conditioned by instantaneous displacements of target location while the eye is in flight, and pursuit direction by abrupt changes in target motion direction imposed immediately after pursuit initiation. Correlated changes in motor specification underlying this learning. Aim 4 is to map the entire FEF representations for saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements while carrying out the previous 3 aims, and to also explore the arcuate region of frontal lobe cortex for possible representations of vergence eye movements and eyelid blinks. Overall, the proposed experiments will help define the role of the cerebral cortex in effecting different types of eye movements, and thereby contribute to diagnosis and treatment of oculomotor disturbances in neurological disease, and even psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.