INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM ON CHEMICAL SAFETY (IPCS)

国际化学品安全计划 (IPCS)

• 批准号: 2153164
• 负责人: THRESSA DAMSTRA
• 金额: $ 38万
• 依托单位: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1980
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1980-09-26 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2153164
• 关键词: World Health Organization; alternatives to animals in research; bioassay; biomarker; emergency health services; environmental health; environmental toxicology; epidemiology; evaluation /testing; food additives; human ecology; immunotoxicity; information dissemination; international cooperation; international health /scientific organization; monograph; neurotoxins; occupational hazard; pesticide residues; poison control; training; water pollution control

Initiated in 1980, the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a scientifically based response to problems caused to human health and the environment by the expanded use of chemicals. It is a cooperative venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) with the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) collaborating on the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). WHO manages IPCS through a Central Unit (CU-Promotion of Chemical Safety) with staff in Geneva and the Interregional Research Unit at NIEHS. The goal of IPCS is to assist Member States develop scientifically sound programmes to protect human health and the environment, in particular: (1) carry out and disseminate scientific evaluations on the human health and environmental effects of chemicals; (2) promote development, improvement, validation and use of methods suitable for assessing hazards and risks of chemicals; (3) promote technical cooperation between Member States; (4) promote international cooperation regarding chemical accidents; (S) support national programmes for prevention and treatment of chemical poisonings; and (6) development of human resources. Activities supported by this grant address objectives (1) and (2). Work will be conducted by a network of national and international institutions, non-governmental organizations and consultants; reviewed and coordinated by the technical staff of the IPCS/CU. All IPCS publications are subjected to international peer review and finalized by IPCS Task Groups. Over the next 3 years, IPCS plans to: prepare 30 Environmental Health Criteria and 60 Health and Safety Guides on new chemicals, and update 3 previously published monographs; and prepare about 600 chemical safety cards. In methodology, monographs will be completed on the use of in vitro tests in neurotoxicology; the validity and validation of biomarkers for risk~assessment; and provide a detailed report on the international harmonization of approaches to risk assessment. Also, updating of monographs on reproductive and developmental effects and neurotoxicity will be completed, an interlaboratory study of in vitro tests in neurotoxicology initiated, and the results of the ongoing study on neurobehavioural methods published. A mechanism to coordinate worldwide research needed to support risk assessments will be developed to avoid duplication while ensuring essential studies are initiated.

国际化学品安全方案（化学品安全方案）于1980年启动， 是对人类健康问题的科学回应 和环境的影响。这是一个 联合国环境规划署（环境署）的合作项目， 国际劳工组织（劳工组织）和世界卫生组织 联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织） 食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA） 农药残留问题联席会议（JMPR）。世卫组织管理国际化学品安全方案 通过一个中央单位（CU-促进化学品安全）， 日内瓦和NIEHS区域间研究股。IPCS的目标是 协助会员国制定科学合理的方案， 保护人类健康和环境，特别是：（1）开展 传播关于人类健康的科学评价， 化学品的环境影响;（2）促进发展， 适用于评估的方法的改进、验证和使用 （3）促进技术合作 （4）促进国际合作， 化学事故;（S）支持国家预防和 治疗化学中毒;（6）人类发展 资源该赠款支持的活动涉及目标（1）和 （二）、工作将由一个国家和国际网络进行， 机构、非政府组织和顾问的报告; 并由国际化学品安全方案/协调股的技术人员协调。所有ipc 出版物须经国际同行审查，并由 IPCS工作组。在今后三年中，国际化学品安全方案计划： 环境卫生标准和60个新的健康和安全指南 化学品，并更新3个以前出版的专著;并编写 约600张化学品安全卡。在方法学方面，将编写专著， 完成对神经毒理学中使用的体外试验;有效性 和验证生物标志物的风险评估;并提供详细的 关于国际统一风险应对办法的报告 考核 此外，更新关于生殖和生殖健康的专著， 发育影响和神经毒性， 启动了神经毒理学体外试验的实验室间研究， 以及正在进行的神经行为学方法研究的结果 公开. 需要建立一个协调全球研究的机制， 将开展支助性风险评估，以避免重复， 确保开展必要的研究。