INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY (IPCS)

国际化学品安全计划 (IPCS)

• 批准号: 3551175
• 负责人: THRESSA DAMSTRA
• 金额: $ 68.26万
• 依托单位: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1980
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1980-09-26 至 1989-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3551175
• 关键词: World Health Organization; air pollution control; carcinogen testing; chemical carcinogen; disease /disorder proneness /risk; education evaluation /planning; environmental health; environmental toxicology; epidemiology; food additives; industrial waste; international health /scientific organization; monograph; mutagen testing; occupational hazard; pesticide biological effect; teratogens; toxicant screening; training; water pollution control; water quality

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) initiated in 1978 continues to function as a cooperative venture of three United Nations Agencies: The World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) collaborates with WHO in the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). WHO continues to manage IPCS. The goal of IPCS is to assist Member States develop scientifically based chemical safety programmes. IPCS objectives are: (1) to evaluate scientifically for international distribution the effects of chemicals on human health and the environment, (2) to develop guidelines on exposure limits for chemicals in food, water and the general environment, (3) to develop methods and methodology that could produce internationally comparable results in assessing the risks from chemicals, (4) to coordinate laboratory testing and epidemiological and clinical studies when an international approach is appropriate and promote research on dose-response relations and mechanism of biological action of chemicals, (5) to develop know-how for coping with chemical accidents and promote effective international cooperation in this field, (6) to promote training and development of manpower in the field of chemical safety and (7) to promote technical cooperation between Member States on control of toxic chemicals. Over the next 3 years, utilizing staff and resources of national institutions, and in collaboration with IRPTC (UNEP) and IARC (WHO), IPCS will complete the evaluation of approximately 35-40 new chemicals for risks to human and the environment and update 6 previously published documents. Approximately 150 chemicals will be evaluated by JECFA and JMPR. International chemical safety data sheets on about 300 chemicals will be distributed. Development of methodology for risk assessment will continue and monographs prepared on: effects of chemicals on aging process; effects of chemicals on aged populations; integrated health risk assessments; approaches to establish role of chemicals in etiopathiogenesis of certain non-communicable diseases and toxicity of chemicals in malnourished and undernourished populations. A collaborative study on the utility of plant systems to detect mammalian genotoxins will be initiated and studies developed on laboratory tests for neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. IPCS/IRRU and IRPTC will complete development and maintain computerized registry of chemicals being tested for chronic toxicological effects other than mutations and cancer.

国际化学品安全方案（IPCS）于1978年启动。 继续作为联合国三个机构的合作企业运作， 机构：世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国 环境规划署（环境署）和国际劳工组织 （劳工组织）。 粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）与世卫组织合作 食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）和 农药残留问题会议。 世卫组织继续管理国际化学品安全方案。 的 国际化学品安全方案的目标是协助会员国制定基于科学的 化学品安全方案。 国际化学品安全方案的目标是：（1）评价 化学品对环境的影响的科学方法， 人类健康和环境，（2）制定关于接触的准则 食品、水和一般环境中化学品的限量，（3） 制定方法和手段， 在评估化学品风险方面取得可比结果，（4）协调 实验室检测以及流行病学和临床研究， 国际办法是适当的，可促进剂量反应研究 化学品的生物作用关系和机制，（5）开发 处理化学品事故的专门知识， （6）促进培训， 发展化学品安全领域的人力资源;（7）促进 成员国之间就有毒化学品管制问题开展技术合作。 在今后三年，利用本国的工作人员和资源， 国际化学品安全方案（化安方案） 将完成大约35-40种新化学品的风险评估 对人类和环境的影响，并更新了6份先前发表的文件。 JECFA和JMPR将对大约150种化学品进行评价。 关于大约300种化学品的国际化学品安全数据表将在 发放 将继续制定风险评估方法 编写了关于以下方面的专著：化学品对老化过程的影响; 对老龄人口的化学品;综合健康风险评估; 确定化学品在某些 非传染性疾病和化学品的毒性， 营养不良的人口。 植物利用的合作研究 将启动检测哺乳动物遗传毒素的系统， 神经毒性和免疫毒性的实验室测试。 IPCS/IRRU和IRPTC将完成开发工作， 正在进行慢性毒性作用试验的化学品登记册 比突变和癌症更重要