INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY

国际化学品安全计划

• 批准号: 3551174
• 负责人: THRESSA DAMSTRA
• 金额: $ 70.04万
• 依托单位: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1980
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1980-09-26 至 1986-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3551174
• 关键词: World Health Organization; air pollution control; carcinogen testing; chemical carcinogen; disease /disorder proneness /risk; education evaluation /planning; environmental health; environmental toxicology; epidemiology; food additives; industrial waste; international health /scientific organization; monograph; mutagen testing; occupational hazard; pesticide biological effect; teratogens; toxicant screening; training; water pollution control; water quality

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was initiated in 1978 as a cooperative venture of three United Nations agencies: the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Labour Organization (ILO). Managed by WHO, the Programme has as its long-term objectives (1) to evaluate scientifically for international distribution the effects of chemicals on human health and the environment, (2) to develop reliable scientific methods for international use in toxicity testing, epidemiological and clinical studies, and risk assessment, (3) to promote and coordinate scientific cooperation among international in-laboratory testing, epidemiological and clinical studies, research on the biological mechanisms of chemical damage and on dose-response, (4) to develop educational models and programmes for toxicology training by WHO member countries, and (5) to develop models and methods for dealing with in-country and international chemical accidents. In addition, the Programme is charged with management of WHO committees which develop guidelines on exposure limits of chemicals in foods, air and water, and collaborated with the UNEP International Registry of Potentially Toxic Chemicals. Using staff and facilities of Lead and Participating Institutions in cooperating countries the Programme has (1) initiated evaluations of the biological and environmental effects of over 50 chemicals or groups of chemicals; (2) developed collaborative international scientific methodological studies in several priority areas (genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing, prenatal exposures, neurobehavioural toxicity, environmental epidemiology, reproductive toxicology, immunological response to carcinogens); (3) developed a European model for toxicology training and initiated a comparison of this model with the needs of developing WHO member countries and (4) developed draft model programmes for coping with chemical emergencies, as well as providing a variety of associated guidelines, data sheets, health alerts and other publications. Finally, the Programme has provided neutral ground for the first meeting of Western (OECD, ECE) and an Eastern European socialist (CMEA) international organizations for harmonization and synthesis of global approaches to chemical safety.

国际化学品安全方案(IPCS)成立于1978年 作为三个联合国机构的合作项目：世界 卫生组织(世卫组织)、联合国环境规划署(环境署)、 和国际劳工组织(劳工组织)。由世卫组织管理， 方案的长期目标是：(1)科学评估 为国际分发化学品对人类健康的影响和 环境，(2)开发可靠的科学方法 在毒性测试、流行病学和临床中的国际使用 研究，风险评估，(3)促进和协调科学 国际实验室内检测、流行病学和 临床研究，化学损伤生物学机制的研究 和关于剂量反应的，(4)制定教育模式和方案 世卫组织成员国的毒理学培训，以及(5)开发模型和 处理国内和国际化学品事故的方法。 此外，该方案还负责管理世卫组织各委员会 制定了关于食品、空气和空气中化学物质暴露限量的指南 水，并与环境署潜在的国际登记册合作 有毒化学品。使用Lead和参与的工作人员和设施 该方案已(1)启动了合作国家的机构 对50种以上的生物和环境影响的评价 化学品或化学品群；(2)发展合作国际 若干优先领域的科学方法研究(遗传毒性 致癌性测试，产前暴露，神经行为毒性， 环境流行病学、生殖毒理学、免疫反应 致癌物质)；(3)开发了欧洲毒理学培训模式，并 开始将该模式与开发世卫组织的需要进行比较 成员国和(4)制定了应对方案范本草案 化学突发事件，以及提供各种相关的 指南、数据表、健康警报和其他出版物。最后， 该方案为西区议会第一次会议提供了中立的基础 (经合组织、欧洲经委会)和一名东欧社会主义者(CMEA)国际 协调和综合全球方法的组织 化学安全。