INTL POPULATION STUDY ON MACRONUTRIENTS AND BP INTERMAP

INTERMAP是基本的流行病学调查，旨在帮助澄清 关于饮食因素的作用的未回答的问题，特别是 大量营养素，在病因学的不利血压（BP）水平 在美国的大多数中年人和老年人中普遍存在。 人口 一个特别的重点-在这一总体背景下， 目的是帮助阐明这些饮食因素在 解释了教育程度较低的人的更不利的BP模式， 人口状况，例如，在美国，受教育程度较低的非裔美国人 和白人。 INTERMAP的目标是在这些重要领域取得重大进展， 问题，根据其设计，模式后，测试的INTERSALT模型： 大样本量为5，200人（2，600名男性和2，600名女性），年龄为40-59岁 从20个不同种族、社会经济地位和饮食习惯的不同人群样本中， 4个国家（中国、日本、英国、美国）(260每个样本的人数）。 成本效益是由非美国中心分担主要成本来保证的， NHLBI的成本比这种范围的研究要低得多， 具体目标涉及阐明对英国石油公司的影响， 蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物以及氨基酸、钙的量和类型， 镁，抗氧化剂，纤维，咖啡因。 待检验的主要假设， 控制BMI、饮酒、Na、K、年龄、性别、其他混杂因素; 膳食蛋白质与血压呈负相关; 受教育程度和血压显著受教育程度相关 饮食蛋白质摄入量的差异;与血压有直接关系， 膳食SFA、胆固醇、Keys评分、淀粉;存在反比关系 PFA和P.S. 参与者，随机选择，提供2个定时 收集24小时尿液，用于评估Na、K、肌酐、尿素和 完成四次24小时饮食回忆 血压测量两次，每次 4门诊就诊。 该研究将由两个协调机构协调。 西北大学、芝加哥和伦敦卫生学院 热带医学 尿液化验须在 比利时鲁汶的实验室。 24小时饮食回忆将转换为 每个国家都有最新的、广泛的、高质量的营养素， 高质量、维护良好的国家营养成分数据库， 食品和食谱，与国际研究范围内的标准化，质量 控制和支持这一点和相关的地方和国家任务。 数据 进行假设检验分析，探讨营养素与血压的关系 在伦敦协调中心 关于多重关系的调查结果 饮食因素对血压的影响将用于估计 人口营养状况的多重改善。 反过来，这应该 帮助制定饮食建议，以实现初级保健的目标， 预防高血压，并将血压分布向下移动， 与当前水平相关的过度风险通常高于最佳水平。

INTERMAP is basic epidemiologic investigation designed to help clarify unanswered questions on the role of dietary factors, particularly macronutrients, in the etiology of unfavorable blood pressure (BP) levels prevailing for a majority of middle-aged and older individuals in the U.S. population. A particular focus -- within the context of this overall objective -- is to help elucidate the role of these dietary factors in accounting for the even more adverse BP patterns of less educated population state, e.g., in the U.S. both less educated African-Americans and Whites. INTERMAP aims to achieve a major advance on these important issues, based on its design, patterned after the tested INTERSALT model: large sample size of 5,200 persons (2,600 men and 2,600 women), ages 40-59 from 20 diverse population samples of varied ethnicity, SES, and dietary habits in 4 countries (China, Japan, U.K., U.S.) (260 persons per sample). Cost effectiveness is assured by major cost-sharing by non-U.S. centers, so that costs for NHLBI are much less than for research of this scope done solely in the U.S. Specific aims involve elucidating influences on BP of amount and type of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, also amino acids, Ca, Mg, antioxidants, fiber, caffeine. Primary hypotheses to be tested, with control for BMI, intake of alcohol, Na, K, age, sex, other confounders are; dietary protein is inversely related to BP; inverse relations between education and BP are significantly accounted for by education-correlated differences in dietary protein intake; there is a direct relation to BP of dietary SFA, cholesterol, keys score, starch; there is an inverse relation of PFA and of P.S. Participants, randomly selected, are to provide 2 timed 24-hr urine collections for assessment of Na, K, creatinine, urea, and are to complete four 24-hr dietary recalls. BP is to be measured twice at each of 4 clinic visits. The study is to be coordinated by two Coordinating Centers -- Northwestern University, Chicago and london School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Urinary determinations are to be made at a Central Laboratory in Leuven, Belgium. 24-hr dietary recalls are to be converted into nutrients with use in each country of an up-to-date, extensive, high- quality, well-maintained national data base on nutrient composition of foods and recipes, with international study-wide standardization, quality control, and support for this and related local and national tasks. Data analyses o test hypotheses and explore nutrient-BP relations are to be done at the london Coordinating Center. Findings on relations of multiple dietary factors to BP are to be used to estimate favorable impact on BP of multiple improvements in nutrition by populations. This, in turn, should aid in making dietary recommendations toward achieving the goal of primary prevention of hypertension, and shifting BP distributions downward to avoid excess risk associated with present levels generally above optimal.