权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Role of Moral Theory in Health Care Ethics

道德理论在医疗保健伦理中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G019207/1
负责人：
Thomas Schramme
金额：
$ 5.38万
依托单位：
Swansea University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG019207%2F1
关键词：
Role Moral Theory Health Care

项目摘要

New technologies and practices in areas like health care, engineering, and the media pose serious ethical challenges to the whole of society. In the academic world, these ethical challenges are generally tackled in a discipline known as applied ethics. But doing applied ethics is not always confined to universities and in some countries has become professionalised: Being an ethicist has become an expert role, especially in the health care context, for instance in clinical ethics committees. However, these roles require a kind of expertise the nature of which is still debated and whose existence is rejected by many. Although researchers have always explored how the discipline of philosophical (purely theoretical) ethics is translated to a more applied context, they never have done so in a systematic and concerted fashion. The proposed interdisciplinary research network will fill this gap.The widespread lack of certainty about the proper role of moral theory in health care ethics is evidenced in the lack of a core curriculum in the training of committee or panel members in most contexts where ethical expertise is called for. A member of a clinical ethics committee, for instance, does not necessarily have knowledge about different ethical theories like utilitarianism or virtue ethics. It is not clear if members would need this knowledge, either, because there is a related uncertainty regarding the methods of doing health care ethics and the status of moral theory in general. There are also other widely accepted theories that allow for ethical deliberation without recourse to fundamental theories of ethics. But if applied ethics is not done by simply applying a moral theory to a problem, then what exactly is the latter's proper role? This lack of methodological confidence has recently led to a joint call for papers about 'The Methods of Bioethics' of leading academic journals.To be manageable, the network will concentrate on one particularly exemplary and wide-ranging area of applied ethics, namely health care ethics. It is in this area that the professionalisation of ethical expertise is most widespread and in which different roles of professional and semi-professional ethicists are being found, e.g. in national and professional task forces on policy issues, clinical ethics committees, and general practice.The central focus of the network is to critically evaluate the role and significance of moral theory in health care ethics from different, interdisciplinary angles, including theoretical and practical viewpoints. It will develop a well-rounded picture of the status of moral theory in health care ethics, and it will point out shortcomings of the current practice of utilizing moral expertise, thereby enabling policy makers to think afresh about ways to put ethics into practice.The proposal emanates from the 'Wales and Southwest Applied Ethics Network'. We will invite ethicists from a variety of academic and non-academic backgrounds, who do health care ethics in different contexts, like clinical ethics committees, research or politics. We shall jointly explore how each conceives of their expertise, the kinds of theoretical questions they encounter and the possibility that different contexts may call for different levels and styles of moral theory. The events and its outcomes will be attractive to a wide audience in diverse spheres, to people who are interested or involved in providing moral expertise, e.g. ethics committee members, politicians, doctors, social workers, lawyers, nurses, physiotherapists, paramedics, medical technologists, and medical engineers.

医疗保健、工程和媒体等领域的新技术和实践对整个社会提出了严重的伦理挑战。在学术界，这些伦理挑战通常是在一个被称为应用伦理学的学科中解决的。但是，应用伦理学并不总是局限于大学，在一些国家已经变得专业化：作为一个伦理学家已经成为一个专家角色，特别是在医疗保健方面，例如在临床伦理委员会。然而，这些作用需要一种专门知识，其性质仍有争议，许多人拒绝接受这种专门知识。尽管研究者一直在探索哲学（纯理论）伦理学如何转化为更实用的环境，但他们从来没有以系统和协调的方式这样做过。拟议的跨学科研究网络将填补这一空白。普遍缺乏确定性的道德理论在医疗伦理学中的适当作用，这体现在缺乏一个核心课程的培训委员会或小组成员在大多数情况下，伦理专业知识是必要的。例如，临床伦理委员会的成员不一定了解不同的伦理理论，如功利主义或美德伦理学。目前还不清楚，如果成员将需要这些知识，要么，因为有一个相关的不确定性有关的方法做医疗保健伦理和道德理论的地位一般。还有其他被广泛接受的理论允许在不诉诸伦理学基本理论的情况下进行伦理审议。但是，如果应用伦理学不是通过简单地将道德理论应用于一个问题来完成的，那么后者的适当角色到底是什么？这种方法论上的不自信最近导致了一个关于“生命伦理学的方法”的论文的联合呼吁，主要学术期刊。为了便于管理，该网络将集中在一个特别典型的和广泛的应用伦理学领域，即医疗保健伦理学。正是在这一领域，伦理专业知识的专业化是最普遍的，其中专业和半专业伦理学家的不同角色正在被发现，例如在国家和专业工作队的政策问题，临床伦理委员会，和一般的做法。该网络的中心重点是批判性地评估道德理论的作用和意义，从不同的，跨学科的角度，包括理论和实践的观点。它将发展一个全面的道德理论在医疗伦理学的地位的图片，它将指出利用道德专业知识的现行做法的缺点，从而使政策制定者重新思考如何把伦理付诸实践。该建议来自'威尔士和西南应用伦理学网络'。我们将邀请来自各种学术和非学术背景的伦理学家，他们在不同的背景下从事医疗保健伦理学工作，如临床伦理委员会，研究或政治。我们将共同探讨每个人如何构思他们的专业知识，他们遇到的各种理论问题，以及不同的背景可能需要不同层次和风格的道德理论的可能性。这些活动及其成果将吸引不同领域的广泛受众，吸引有兴趣或参与提供道德专业知识的人，例如道德委员会成员，政治家，医生，社会工作者，律师，护士，理疗师，护理人员，医疗技术人员和医学工程师。