SPATIAL NEGLECT AND MECHANISMS OF ATTENTION

描述(申请人摘要)：疏忽综合症构成 未能对新的或有意义的刺激进行报告、回应或定向 失败不能归因于纯粹的感觉或运动缺陷。 每年有超过62,000名新患者出现证据疏忽。患有疾病的患者 忽视不会从康复中获益到与那些 不会被忽视。这在一定程度上是因为忽视是一种 异型综合症。补救策略通常将忽视视为 单一的陈述，没有考虑个体的变化。在……里面 相比之下，治疗失语症比治疗失语症更有效 策略以绩效子类型为基础。在这方面的研究 提案试图确定忽略的性能子类型，以便 可以开发出更合适的治疗策略。性能 亚型将与病变部位相关联，以阐明 空间注意的机制。尽管忽视包含了广泛的 在一系列缺陷中，它主要被视为注意力障碍。 注意加工三个领域内的表现亚型 持续注意、注意能力与注意定向 在这份提案中进行了调查。被忽视的患者被选中 在病变定位的基础上进行研究。持续的关注是 由受试者注视目标刺激的能力和 同时监控周边视觉中的刺激(即， 检查特罗克斯勒衰落现象)。持续的关注是 在后部皮质损伤后预计会出现赤字，而 抑制持续注意力的能力将在以下方面出现缺陷 前部皮质损伤。注意能力的定义是 病人对整个刺激的关注能力。的大小 患者的误差被用来衡量注意力能力。前部 据预测，皮质损伤会导致注意力受限。 的半空间位置不变的容量 刺激。忽视中的注意定向是由空间因素决定的 忽略错误的方向。后部皮质损害是 预计会产生固定在一个空间中的定向偏差 尺寸。前部损伤后的定向偏差会有所不同 根据刺激位置和方向提示。80例患者 单侧缺血性脑梗塞后的忽视和40名正常对照组 将被研究以检验这些假说。这些研究将会增加 关于注意操作本地化的知识。他们 将通过确定忽视的亚型来促进疏忽的康复 性能。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The neglect syndrome constitutes a failure to report, respond or orient to novel or meaningful stimuli where the failure is not attributable to a pure sensory or motor deficit. Over 62,000 new patients per year evidence neglect. Patients with neglect do not profit from rehabilitation to the same degree as those without neglect. This is due, in part, to the fact that neglect is a heterogenous syndrome. Remediation strategies often treat neglect as a single presentation and fail to consider individual variation. In contrast, the treatment of aphasia is more efficacious as treatment strategies are predicated on performance subtypes. Studies in this proposal attempt to identify performance subtypes in neglect so that more appropriate treatment strategies can be developed. Performance subtypes will be associated with lesion location to elucidate the mechanisms of spatial attention. Although neglect encompasses a broad spectrum of deficits, it is primarily viewed as a disorder of attention. Performance subtypes within three domains of attentional processing sustained attention, attentional capacity and attentional orientation are investigated in this proposal. Patients with neglect are selected for study on the basis of lesion location. Sustained attention is defined by a subjects ability to fixate a target stimulus and simultaneously monitor stimuli in peripheral vision (i.e., an examination of the Troxler fading phenomenon). Sustained attention is predicted to be deficit following posterior cortical lesions, whereas, the ability to inhibit sustained attention will be deficit following anterior cortical lesions. Attentional capacity is defined by the patient's ability to attend to a whole stimulus. The size of the patient's error is used to measure attentional capacity. Anterior cortical lesions are predicted to produce limitations in attentional capacity that do not change according to the hemispatial location of the stimulus. Attentional orientation in neglect is defined by the spatial direction of the neglect error. Posterior cortical lesions are predicted to produce orientation biases that are fixed in one spatial dimension. Orientation biases following anterior lesions will vary according to stimulus location and directional cuing. 80 patients with neglect following unilateral, ischemic infarctions and 40 normal controls will be studied to test these hypotheses. These studies will increase knowledge regarding the localization of attentional operations. They will facilitate neglect rehabilitation through identifying subtypes of performance.