权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Exploration of the unique royal crannog at Llangors, Powys, Wales

探索威尔士波伊斯兰格斯独特的皇家克兰诺格

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I001670/1
负责人：
Alan Lane
金额：
$ 6.05万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI001670%2F1
关键词：
Exploration unique royal crannog Llangors

项目摘要

The archaeology of the period 400-1100 AD is poorly understood in large parts of Britain. The discovery of a crannog or artificial island settlement site at Llangors, near Brecon is a major advance in our knowledge of this period in Wales. Hundreds of crannogs are known in Ireland and Scotland but none have ever been discovered in England, and Llangors is the only site from Wales. Llangors is a large natural lake in south Wales and the crannog appears as a small wooded island just off its north shore. The structure, roughly 40m by 30m across, was constructed by driving wooden stakes and vertical oak staves into the underlying peat deposits. Layers of brushwood were then laid down and a mound of stone placed on top. Originally buildings would have stood on the mound but these have collapsed and been washed away in the succeeding centuries. Although the buildings have disappeared timbers are perfectly preserved below the water level and where they have been driven into the lake muds. The tree rings from such preserved wood indicate that the oak trees for the main structure were cut down in 889-893 AD and the crannog seems to have been built at that time. Excavation of the site, between 1989 and 2004, showed that the crannog was only used for a short time, that it was burned down and then abandoned. Remarkably there is historical evidence to support this interpretation. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 916 AD Brecenanmere (the English name for the lake), was destroyed by the Mercian queen Aethelflaed and that she captured the wife of the king of Brecon. Aethelflaed the daughter of King Alfred, the most powerful English king of this period, had become ruler of the neighbouring English kingdom Mercia. This indicates that the crannog was being used as a settlement and perhaps refuge of the local kings. The 9th century and early 10th century was a period of intense warfare involving Viking armies all over the British Isles, in the course of which large parts of England fell under the rule of Scandinavian kings. The Mercian attack on the crannog seems to be part of the process whereby English rulers drove back Viking attack. It is likely that the Brecon rulers had allied themselves with Vikings or had tried to capitalise on current instability to raid Mercia. The archaeological excavation involved both surface and underwater excavation by a joint team from Cardiff University and from the National Museums of Wales, Cardiff. Finds from the excavation support the idea that this was a royal site. Animal bones show that the site was being supplied with food from surrounding farms though a sizable percentage of meat was coming from hunted species such as deer which were often only available to the aristocracy. Metal finds include a highly decorated fragment from a religious shrine, decorative metalwork from aristocratic dress items and large pieces of a burnt embroidered tunic with decoration of Asiatic origin. Several of these are indicative of Irish cultural influences at the site. No other crannogs are known in Wales or England and it seems likely that this site represents the introduction of an Irish cultural idea into late 9th century Wales. The speedy destruction of the site and capture of the queen may explain why the idea of the crannog was not adopted in the area. The discovery, investigation and dating of the Llangors crannog represents a major advance in our knowledge of early medieval Wales. It provides a remarkable insight into Welsh history in the period of the Viking wars which can be communicated to the wider public in an immediately accessible form. It will be of particular interest to historians and archaeologists of the early medieval period. This proposal seeks funding to enable the applicant to complete publication of the site as a monograph and in pamphlet form. The publication project will be jointly undertaken by Dr Alan Lane of Cardiff university and Dr Mark Redknap of the National Museums of Wales.

公元400-1100年的考古学在英国大部分地区都知之甚少。在布雷孔附近的兰戈尔斯发现了一个crannog或人工岛定居点，这是我们对威尔士这一时期知识的一个重大进步。在爱尔兰和苏格兰已知有数百个crannogs，但在英格兰从未发现过，而Llangors是威尔士唯一的遗址。兰格斯湖是威尔士南部的一个天然湖泊，其北岸附近有一个树木繁茂的小岛。这个结构，大约40米乘30米宽，是通过将木桩和垂直的橡木板条打入下面的泥炭沉积物而建造的。然后铺上一层层的灌木，在上面放上一堆石头。最初的建筑物会站在土丘上，但这些已经倒塌，并在随后的几个世纪被冲走。虽然建筑物已经消失，但木材在水位以下被完美地保存下来，它们被打入湖泥中。这些保存完好的木材的年轮表明，主要结构的橡树在公元889-893年被砍伐，crannog似乎是在那个时候建造的。在1989年至2004年期间对该遗址的挖掘表明，crannog只使用了很短的时间，它被烧毁，然后被遗弃。值得注意的是，有历史证据支持这种解释。盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史记载，公元916年，布雷瑟南米尔湖（英语：Brecenanmere）被麦西亚女王Aethelflaed摧毁，她俘虏了布雷孔国王的妻子。当时最强大的英格兰国王阿尔弗雷德的女儿埃塞尔弗拉德成为了邻近的英格兰王国麦西亚的统治者。这表明crannog被用作当地国王的定居点和避难所。世纪和世纪早期是一个激烈的战争时期，维京海盗的军队遍布不列颠群岛，在此期间，英格兰大部分地区落入斯堪的纳维亚国王的统治之下。麦西亚人对克拉诺格的攻击似乎是英国统治者击退维京海盗人进攻的过程的一部分。很可能是布雷孔的统治者与维京人结盟，或者试图利用当前的不稳定局势袭击麦西亚。考古发掘包括由卡迪夫大学和威尔士国家博物馆卡迪夫的一个联合小组进行的水面和水下挖掘。挖掘的发现支持了这是一个皇家遗址的观点。动物骨骼显示，该遗址的食物来自周围的农场，尽管相当大比例的肉类来自狩猎物种，如鹿，这些动物通常只有贵族才能获得。金属发现包括一个高度装饰的碎片，从一个宗教圣地，装饰金属制品从贵族服饰项目和大片的烧毁刺绣束腰外衣与装饰的亚洲起源。其中一些是爱尔兰文化在该网站的影响。在威尔士或英格兰没有其他的crannogs，似乎这个网站代表了爱尔兰文化理念引入到世纪后期的威尔士。遗址的迅速破坏和女王的被俘可能解释了为什么crannog的想法没有在该地区被采纳。Llangors crannog的发现，调查和测年代表了我们对中世纪早期威尔士知识的重大进步。它提供了一个显着的洞察威尔士历史时期的维京海盗战争，可以传达给更广泛的公众在一个立即访问的形式。这将是特别感兴趣的历史学家和考古学家的中世纪早期时期。这项建议寻求资金，使申请人能够完成出版的网站作为一个专题论文和小册子的形式。出版项目将由卡迪夫大学的艾伦·莱恩博士和威尔士国家博物馆的马克·雷德克纳普博士共同承担。