SPONTANEOUS SIGN SYSTEM IN CHINESE AND AMERICAN CHILDREN

中国和美国儿童的自发手语系统

• 批准号: 6055805
• 负责人: SUSAN J GOLDIN-MEADOW
• 金额: $ 18.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6055805
• 关键词: American; Chinese; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; congenital deafness; culture; human data; language development; mother child interaction; paralinguistic behavior; preschool child (1-5); videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): What might it mean to say that language is innate or, alternatively, that language must be learned? This proposal attempts to articulate these questions in terms that lend themselves to experimental investigation, asking which aspects of language development are so overdetermined in humans that they will appear even under learning conditions that vary widely from the typical. The subjects of the studies are deaf children whose hearing parents have not yet exposed them to sign language, and whose hearing losses are so profound as to preclude the acquisition of spoken language. Despite their lack of an accessible conventional language to use as a model for communication, these children do communicate and do so using a gestural system that is structured at both word and sentence levels. Moreover, the gestures they use are structured differently from the gestures used by the hearing individuals around them. Although the deaf children's gesture systems are not patterned after the spontaneous gestures of their hearing parents, it is possible that other non-linguistic aspects of the children's social environment influence the structure of their gestures. In order to determine the extent to which the structures in the deaf children's gestures are shaped by the way in which mothers and children jointly interact in their culture -- and in so doing, explore the "resilience" of these structures across wide cultural variation -- deaf children of hearing parents in a second culture will be observed. Study 1 explores the interactions of hearing mothers and their deaf children (ages 3-5) in Taiwan and in America, testing the hypothesis that mothers interact differently with their children in Chinese and American cultures. Study 2 explores the spontaneous gestures produced by Chinese and American mothers when interacting with their deaf children, clarifying the gestural model presented to the deaf child in each culture. If the mothers in the two cultures do provide their deaf children with different gestural models, do the deaf children's gesture systems more closely resemble their mothers' gesture systems or one another's? Study 3 analyzes the gestures produced by the Chinese deaf children, and compares them to the gestures produced by the American deaf children. It is precisely the properties of language which are found in the gestures of both groups of children (and not in the gestures of the mothers) that can be said to be resilient across cultural variation. Study 4 attempts to put these studies of gesture in a cultural context by exploring the gestures of hearing mothers and their hearing children (ages 3-5) in each culture, and comparing these observations to the data gathered on the Chinese and American hearing mothers and their deaf children.

描述（改编自研究者摘要）：这可能意味着什么 说语言是与生俱来的，或者说语言必须是 学到了？ 该提案试图用以下术语阐明这些问题： 进行实验调查，询问哪些方面 人类的语言发展是如此的过度决定，以至于它们会出现 即使学习条件与典型条件相差很大。 这 研究对象是聋哑儿童，他们的听力正常的父母还没有 让他们接触手语，他们的听力损失如此严重 从而阻止口语的习得。 尽管他们缺乏 易于使用的传统语言用作交流模型，这些 孩子们确实会使用结构化的手势系统进行交流 在单词和句子层面上。 此外，他们使用的手势是 结构与听力正常的人使用的手势不同 他们周围。 虽然聋哑儿童的手势系统没有模式化 在他们听力正常的父母做出自发的手势之后，有可能 儿童社会环境影响的其他非语言方面 他们的手势结构。 为了确定程度 聋哑儿童的手势结构是由以下方式塑造的 母亲和孩子在各自的文化中共同互动，并以这样的方式互动 这样做，探索这些结构在广泛的文化中的“弹性” 变异——在第二文化中听力正常的父母的聋哑儿童将 观察到。 研究 1 探讨了听力正常的母亲与其母亲之间的互动 台湾和美国的聋哑儿童（3-5 岁）检验假设 母亲与孩子的中文互动方式不同 美国文化。 研究 2 探讨了由 中国和美国的妈妈在与聋哑孩子互动时， 澄清每种文化中向聋哑儿童呈现的手势模型。 如果两种文化中的母亲确实为聋哑孩子提供了 不同的手势模型，聋哑儿童的手势系统更多吗 与他们母亲或彼此的手势系统非常相似？ 研究3 分析中国聋哑儿童的手势，并进行比较 他们模仿美国聋哑儿童的手势。 这是 正是在双方的手势中发现了语言的属性 可以说的一群孩子（而不是以母亲的姿态） 具有跨文化差异的弹性。 研究 4 试图将这些 通过探索手势在文化背景下的研究 每种文化中听力正常的母亲及其听力正常的孩子（3-5 岁），以及 将这些观察结果与中国和日本收集的数据进行比较 美国听力正常的母亲和她们的聋哑孩子。