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Trafficking, Smuggling, and Illicit Migration in Gendered and Historical Perspective, c 1870-2000

从性别和历史角度看贩运、走私和非法移民，约 1870-2000 年

基本信息

批准号：
AH/P003273/1
负责人：
Julia Laite
金额：
$ 25.87万
依托单位：
Birkbeck, University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FP003273%2F1
关键词：
Trafficking Smuggling Illicit Migration Gendered

项目摘要

Human trafficking, 'people smuggling' and clandestine migration are some of the most politically volatile and socially pressing issues in the present day, but they also have a long history. This project will contribute significantly to the emerging study of the history of illicit and clandestine migration by examining the history of trafficking in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in comparative and global perspective. The PI, Julia Laite, a specialist on trafficking and migration in the British World, and the CI, Philippa Hetherington, a specialist on trafficking in the Russian empire, will collaborate to produce a comparative study of trafficking and clandestine migration in these two nations and empires in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, while organizing a series of workshops and a major digital collaboration project that will bring together historians who are studying trafficking, smuggling and illicit migration in other areas of the world in the modern period. This digital collaboration will also produce a web-application, centred around an interactive mapping project, which will be collaboratively built by project participants based on their own research and expertise and shared widely with both academic and non-academic stakeholders.The history of trafficking is transnational and multifactorial by its very nature: people moved across national borders, states responded to trafficking at national and international levels, and law enforcement operations communicated across national jurisdictions and around empires. The comparative and collaborative nature of the project will enable us to explore a unique set of methodological questions. How can we write a collaborative global history of trafficking that also captures complex national, local, and individual factors? How can we develop lasting and usable collaborations between those who research the history of trafficking around the globe? How can we digitally represent the complexity and changing story of modern trafficking and illicit migration?We will seek to entangle concepts and experiences of trafficking. Rather than seeking to clarify trafficking and smuggling as normative or legal categories, we will instead question the utility of separating 'trafficking,' 'smuggling', and 'illicit migration' as unique experiences of migration and specific targets for crime or migration control. Secondly, we will examine trafficking in the context of the history of international crime and wider migration control. We will ask, how does trafficking policy relate to migration control more broadly, and how has it influenced the development of migration law and enforcement? Thirdly, we will explore the connections between gender, sex, labour, and illicit migration, both in terms of law and policy, but also in terms of individual people's experiences in the past.This proposed research project will make a significant contribution to existing scholarship and improve insights and understandings of the history of trafficking and smuggling in several ways. The work will examine not only discourses about trafficking but the operation of law enforcement and the experiences of trafficked persons and their traffickers, and will move beyond the existing scholarship which focuses overwhelmingly on international campaigns against trafficking. Through its planned international network and collaborative digital project, the proposed research program will build on and facilitate the work of other emerging scholars, and share this work with a broad academic audience and with non-academic beneficiaries. It will help to build a global history of trafficking, at a time when historical perspective is critically needed to improve understanding of the phenomenon in the present day.

人口贩运、“人口走私”和秘密移民是当今政治上最不稳定和社会上最紧迫的问题之一，但它们也有着悠久的历史。该项目将从比较和全球角度审查十九世纪和二十世纪的贩运历史，从而大大有助于对非法和秘密移徙历史的新研究。PI，Julia Laite，不列颠世界贩运和移民问题专家，和CI，Philippa Hetherington，俄罗斯帝国贩运问题专家，将合作对这两个国家和帝国在十九世纪末和二十世纪初的贩运和秘密移民进行比较研究。同时组织一系列讲习班和一个重要的数字合作项目，将研究当代世界其他地区贩运、偷运和非法移民问题的历史学家聚集在一起。这一数字合作还将围绕一个互动绘图项目制作一个网络应用程序，该项目将由项目参与者根据自己的研究和专门知识协作建立，并与学术界和非学术界利益攸关方广泛分享。人口跨越国界流动，各国在国家和国际两级对贩运作出反应，执法行动跨越国家管辖范围和帝国。该项目的比较和协作性质将使我们能够探索一套独特的方法问题。我们如何撰写一部合作的全球人口贩运史，同时也能捕捉到复杂的国家、地方和个人因素？我们如何才能在研究地球仪贩运历史的人之间建立持久和有用的合作关系？我们如何以数字方式呈现现代贩运和非法移民的复杂性和不断变化的情况？我们将设法纠缠贩运的概念和经验。我们不想将贩运和偷运作为规范性或法律的类别加以澄清，而是质疑将“贩运”、"偷运“和”非法移民“作为独特的移民经历和犯罪或移民控制的具体目标加以区分的效用。其次，我们将在国际犯罪历史和更广泛的移民控制的背景下审视人口贩运问题。我们要问，贩卖人口政策与更广泛的移民控制有何关系，它对移民法的制定和执行有何影响？第三，我们将从法律和政策的角度，以及从个人过去的经历的角度，探讨性别、性、劳工和非法移民之间的联系，这一拟议的研究项目将对现有的奖学金作出重大贡献，并以多种方式提高对贩运和走私历史的见解和理解。这项工作不仅将审查关于贩运的论述，而且将审查执法工作以及被贩运者及其贩运者的经历，并将超越目前主要侧重于国际打击贩运运动的学术研究。通过其计划中的国际网络和合作数字项目，拟议的研究计划将建立在其他新兴学者的工作基础上，并促进他们的工作，并与广泛的学术受众和非学术受益者分享这项工作。它将有助于建立一个全球贩运历史，在这个时候，迫切需要从历史的角度来提高对当今现象的理解。