Anti-Smuggling Policies and their Intersection with Humanitarian Assistance and Social Trust

“反偷运政策及其与人道主义援助和社会信任的相互关系”项目从跨学科（法律社会学）角度审查了欧盟反偷运法律、政策和业务做法及其对非政府组织和公民志愿者提供人道主义援助的社会影响，人口偷运已成为欧盟关于跨国有组织犯罪的更广泛政策议程中的一项关键优先行动。持续的难民危机使打击偷运移民的政策成为欧盟和各国议程的重点;包括英国在内的各国正在为这一竞技场投入前所未有的预算。然而，很少有人注意到，目前欧盟行为体的政策和做法越来越多地将警务、刑事司法和军事方法结合起来，在打击偷运及其对社会中更广泛的信任关系的影响方面，需要更多的知识和基于事实的政策，以了解将为非法移民入境和居住提供便利的行为定为刑事犯罪的影响，非政府组织和志愿者的工作，以及替代办法（自下而上）和多学科的战略和方法更适合有效地解决走私现象，而不损害基本权利和社会信任为基础的关系在欧盟。在欧盟层面上的知识生产。它将在欧盟现行政策和行动者与民间社会组织和志愿者的经验、观点和证词之间架起一座桥梁。这将有助于更好地了解欧盟现行政策方针和优先事项的范围、性质和影响（以及有效性）。为实施该项目而设计的研究小组非常适合确保研究成果的最高质量和学术卓越性，并将研究结果与相关欧盟和国家决策者，执法人员和民间社会代表的公共政策辩论联系起来。为了这个项目的目的，由玛丽皇后伦敦大学、CEPS和PICUM组成了一个新的伙伴关系。这将确保项目目标的全面覆盖和预期成果的成功。CEPS将保证项目成果的政策相关性和影响。PICUM将在确保欧盟和国家民间社会组织的贡献和参与方面发挥决定性作用。20.寻求解决跨国犯罪问题的政策对犯罪受害者和东道国社会的相关风险是一个在学术界日益受到关注的问题。这项建议试图通过探讨跨国反走私措施对人道主义援助和社会中基于信任的关系的影响来纠正这一点。它力求为欧洲联盟（欧盟）制定更有效和更符合基本权利的打击走私政策作出高度原创和及时的贡献。2015-2016年的“难民危机”表明了有效应对偷渡现象和打击剥削寻求庇护者的挑战。一个关键的难题是，需要确保明确区分剥削性偷运者和人道主义行为者。难民危机还表明，一些国家当局缺乏有效的应对措施。这使得许多新的人道主义行为体进入该领域;从救生队到新的非政府组织和志愿者。

The Project 'Anti-Smuggling Policies and Their Intersection with Humanitarian Assistance and Social Trust' examines from a cross-disciplinary (sociology of law) perspective EU anti-smuggling laws, polices and operational practices and their social effects over the provision of humanitarian assistance by NGOs and citizen volunteers.Smuggling of human beings has become a key priority action in the wider EU policy agenda on transnational organized crime. The ongoing refugee crisis has brought policies against migrant smuggling to the fore of EU and national agendas; and unprecedented budgets are being dedicated to this arena by countries including the UK. Little attention has been paid however to the extent to which current EU actors' policies and practices, which increasingly merge policing, criminal justice and military approaches, are 'fit for purpose' in countering smuggling and their effects on wider trust-based relations in society.More knowledge and facts-based policies are needed as regards the effects of criminalisation of facilitation of entrance and residence on irregular immigrants and asylum-seekers and on the work of NGOs and volunteers, and the extent to which alternative (bottom up) and multidisciplinary strategies and approaches are better suited to effectively address the smuggling phenomenon without undermining fundamental rights and social trust-based relations in the EU.This Project aims at precisely developing this knowledge by mapping the field of 'anti-smuggling policy' agencies and their priorities, approaches and activities, in the production of knowledge at EU levels. It will provide a bridge between current EU policies and actors and the experiences, views and testimonies of civil society organisations and volunteers. This will allow for a better understanding of the scope, nature and effects (and effectiveness) of current EU policy approaches and priorities. The Research Group that has been designed for implementing the project is strongly suited to ensure the highest quality and academic excellence in the research outputs, as well as linking the research results to public policy debates with relevant EU and national policy makers, law enforcement practitioners and civil society representatives. A new Partnership has been established for the purposes of this project composed by Queen Mary London University, CEPS and PICUM. This will ensure a comprehensive coverage of the project objectives and the success of the expected results. CEPS will guarantee the policy relevance and impact of the project results. PICUM will play a decisive role in securing the contributions and involvement of EU and national civil society organisations. The associated risks of policies that seek to tackle transnational crime upon both victims of crime and on host societies is an issue that is gaining increasing attention in scholarship Yet, to date, the impact of anti-smuggling laws and policies on the stakeholders seeking to assist asylum seekers and migrants, including ordinary citizens, remains a hidden narrative. This proposal seeks to rectify this by exploring the impact of transnational anti-smuggling measures on humanitarian assistance and trust-based relations in society. It seeks to make a highly original and timely contribution towards more effective and fundamental rights-compliant policies countering the smuggling in the European Union (EU). The 2015-2016 'refugee crisis' has illustrated the challenges of effectively responding to the phenomenon of smuggling and of fighting against the exploitation of asylum seekers. A key dilemma concerns the need to ensure a clear differentiation between exploitative smugglers and humanitarian actors. The refugee crisis has also shown the lack of effective responses by some national authorities. This has brought many new humanitarian actors into the field; from lifesaving teams to new non-governmental organisations and volunteers.