Negotiating health and care in humanitarian history

在包括战争、冲突和灾难在内的危机中，朋友、家人和当地志愿者通常是第一个做出反应的人。如果国际人道主义组织到达，他们就会进入已经对卫生和护理需求做出反应的社区。因此，提供有效的人道主义援助需要对当地照顾者及其社区的作用和期望敏感。随着国际组织寻求解决以前在当地照顾者手中的健康问题，例如精神健康，这一点正变得更加重要，但人道主义部门缺乏对这些问题的背景知识。通过这个研究网络，我们旨在加深对难民营、医院和诊所等人道主义环境中的决策和健康寻求的理解，并将人道主义作为由不同参与者积极和持续塑造的东西。该网络汇集了人道主义历史学家、医学人文学者和难民历史学家，他们正开始探索在战争、冲突和灾难中谈判健康和护理的方式。期望、情绪和权力动态如何影响与卫生工作者的接触？为什么有些人拒绝照顾或以意想不到的方式行事？在定义健康或护理需求的含义方面，谁有发言权？这项研究很重要，因为它为在人道主义研究以及文献和档案实践中被边缘化的个人和社区提供了创新的方法。然而，这样的调查仍然不发达，人文学科研究人员的见解在很大程度上与人道主义、难民和散居海外人士领导的组织的研究和倡导脱节，这些组织正在努力解决社区卫生方面的类似问题，也与博物馆和档案专业人员捕捉难民和援助工作者的声音和经历的倡议脱节。网络通过为学者、人道主义和医疗从业者、难民和散居侨民领导的组织以及博物馆和档案专业人员之间创造一个富有成效的对话空间来纠正这种情况。在两年的时间里，我们将组织3次研究和2次参与性研讨会，使从业者、难民和散居海外者领导的组织能够与学者和档案工作者一起工作，更好地了解人道主义环境中的决策和寻求健康。这将使该网络能够分析不同形式的照料之间的关系，例如地方照料如何与国际人道主义援助同时进行和相互冲突。它还将使我们能够探索参与历史收藏的不同方式，探索和批评人道主义和难民文件的展示和组织方式，并反思人们与人道主义对象(如急救设备)之间的复杂和情感关系。我们将利用我们的在线存在(网站、推特)促进国际合作，通过混合研讨会让在人道主义研究中代表性不足的全球南方学者参与进来。展示人文研究与当代卫生人道主义的相关性是该网络的核心。将与参与者，特别是项目合作伙伴沙巴卡、生活难民档案馆、英国红十字会和人道主义档案馆合作，制定共同的目标和产出。我们的发现将改变我们对过去在人道主义环境中如何谈判卫生和护理的理解，并将有关方法的对话引向前台机构和谈判。通过这种方式，该网络将宣传将人道主义纳入卫生保健、博物馆和档案馆部门的参与战略，并推动能够更有效地以研究和实践中被边缘化的个人和社区为中心的研究。

Friends, family, and local volunteers are usually the first to respond in a crisis, including war, conflict, and disaster. If and when international humanitarian organisations arrive, they enter communities that are already responding to health and care needs. The provision of effective humanitarian aid therefore requires sensitivity to the roles and expectations of local caregivers and their communities. This is becoming more important as international organisations seek to take on health issues that were previously in the hands of local caregivers, such as mental health, yet for which there is a lack of contextual knowledge in the humanitarian sector. Through this research network, we aim to develop a deeper understanding of decision-making and health-seeking in humanitarian settings such as the refugee camp, hospital, and clinic, and to foreground humanitarianism as something actively and continually shaped by diverse actors.The network brings together historians of humanitarianism, medical humanities scholars, and refugee historians who are starting to explore the ways that health and care are negotiated in war, conflict, and disaster. How do expectations, emotions, and power dynamics shape encounters with health workers? Why do some people refuse care or act in unexpected ways? And who has a say in defining what is meant by a health or care need? This research is important because it provides innovative ways of foregrounding individuals and communities who are marginalised in research on humanitarianism, as well as in documentary and archival practices. Yet such inquiries remain under-developed, and humanities researchers' insights have been largely disconnected from the research and advocacy of humanitarian, refugee, and diaspora-led organisations who are grappling with similar questions on community health, as well as from museum and archive professionals' initiatives to capture refugee and aid worker 'voices' and experiences.The network redresses this by creating a space for productive dialogues between academics, humanitarian and medical practitioners, refugee and diaspora-led organisations, and museum and archive professionals. Over 2 years, we will organise 3 research and 2 participatory workshops, enabling practitioners and refugee and diaspora-led organisations to work alongside academics and archivists to better understand decision-making and health-seeking in humanitarian settings. This will allow the network to analyse relationships between differing forms of caregiving, such as how local caregiving has worked alongside and conflicted with international humanitarian aid. It will also allow us to explore different ways of engaging with historical collections, to explore and critique the ways in which humanitarian and refugee documents are displayed and organised, and to reflect on the complex and emotional relationships people have with humanitarian objects, such as first aid equipment. We will use our online presence (website, Twitter) to foster international collaboration, using hybrid workshops to allow Global South scholars, who are under-represented in research on humanitarianism, to participate.Demonstrating the relevance of humanities research to contemporary health humanitarianism is at the heart of the network. Shared objectives and outputs will be developed in collaboration with participants, particularly project partners Shabaka, the Living Refugee Archive, the British Red Cross, and the Humanitarian Archive. Our findings will transform our understanding of how health and care has been negotiated in humanitarian settings in the past and lead conversations on methodologies to foreground agency and negotiation. In this way, the network will inform advocacy on inclusion in health humanitarianism, engagement strategies in the museum and archive sectors, and advance research that is more effectively able to centre the individuals and communities who are marginalised in research and practice.