Negotiating health and care in humanitarian history

朋友、家人和当地志愿者通常是第一个在危机中做出反应的人，包括战争、冲突和灾难。当国际人道主义组织抵达时，他们进入的是已经在应对卫生和护理需求的社区。因此，提供有效的人道主义援助需要对当地照顾者及其社区的作用和期望保持敏感。这一点正变得越来越重要，因为国际组织试图处理以前由当地护理人员负责的健康问题，例如精神健康，但人道主义部门缺乏相关知识。通过这个研究网络，我们的目标是对难民营、医院和诊所等人道主义环境中的决策和寻求健康有更深入的了解，并将人道主义作为一种由不同行动者积极和持续塑造的东西。该网络汇集了人道主义历史学家、医学人文学者和难民历史学家，他们开始探索在战争、冲突和灾难中协商健康和护理的方式。期望、情绪和权力动态如何影响与卫生工作者的接触？为什么有些人拒绝接受治疗或做出令人意想不到的举动？在定义什么是健康或护理需求方面，谁有发言权？这项研究很重要，因为它提供了创新的方式，使在人道主义研究以及文献和档案实践中被边缘化的个人和社区脱颖而出。然而，这样的调查仍然不发达，人文学科研究人员的见解在很大程度上与人道主义、难民和散居者领导的组织的研究和倡导脱节，这些组织正在努力解决类似的社区健康问题，也与博物馆和档案专业人员捕捉难民和援助工作者“声音”和经历的倡议脱节。该网络通过为学者、人道主义和医疗从业人员、难民和散居者领导的组织以及博物馆和档案专业人员之间的富有成效的对话创造空间，解决了这一问题。在两年的时间里，我们将组织3次研究和2次参与性讲习班，使从业人员和难民和散居者领导的组织能够与学者和档案工作者一起工作，更好地了解人道主义环境中的决策和寻求保健。这将使该网络能够分析不同形式的护理之间的关系，例如当地护理是如何与国际人道主义援助一起工作和冲突的。它还将使我们能够探索与历史藏品互动的不同方式，探索和批评人道主义和难民文件的展示和组织方式，并反思人们与人道主义物品（如急救设备）之间复杂的情感关系。我们将利用我们的在线存在（网站、Twitter）促进国际合作，利用混合研讨会让在人道主义研究中代表性不足的全球南方学者参与进来。展示人文科学研究与当代卫生人道主义的相关性是该网络的核心。将与参与者，特别是项目伙伴Shabaka、生活难民档案、英国红十字会和人道主义档案合作制定共同目标和产出。我们的研究结果将改变我们对过去在人道主义环境中如何进行卫生和保健谈判的理解，并引导关于方法的对话，以突出机构和谈判。通过这种方式，该网络将为倡导纳入卫生人道主义、博物馆和档案部门的参与战略提供信息，并推进能够更有效地以研究和实践中被边缘化的个人和社区为中心的研究。

Friends, family, and local volunteers are usually the first to respond in a crisis, including war, conflict, and disaster. If and when international humanitarian organisations arrive, they enter communities that are already responding to health and care needs. The provision of effective humanitarian aid therefore requires sensitivity to the roles and expectations of local caregivers and their communities. This is becoming more important as international organisations seek to take on health issues that were previously in the hands of local caregivers, such as mental health, yet for which there is a lack of contextual knowledge in the humanitarian sector. Through this research network, we aim to develop a deeper understanding of decision-making and health-seeking in humanitarian settings such as the refugee camp, hospital, and clinic, and to foreground humanitarianism as something actively and continually shaped by diverse actors.The network brings together historians of humanitarianism, medical humanities scholars, and refugee historians who are starting to explore the ways that health and care are negotiated in war, conflict, and disaster. How do expectations, emotions, and power dynamics shape encounters with health workers? Why do some people refuse care or act in unexpected ways? And who has a say in defining what is meant by a health or care need? This research is important because it provides innovative ways of foregrounding individuals and communities who are marginalised in research on humanitarianism, as well as in documentary and archival practices. Yet such inquiries remain under-developed, and humanities researchers' insights have been largely disconnected from the research and advocacy of humanitarian, refugee, and diaspora-led organisations who are grappling with similar questions on community health, as well as from museum and archive professionals' initiatives to capture refugee and aid worker 'voices' and experiences.The network redresses this by creating a space for productive dialogues between academics, humanitarian and medical practitioners, refugee and diaspora-led organisations, and museum and archive professionals. Over 2 years, we will organise 3 research and 2 participatory workshops, enabling practitioners and refugee and diaspora-led organisations to work alongside academics and archivists to better understand decision-making and health-seeking in humanitarian settings. This will allow the network to analyse relationships between differing forms of caregiving, such as how local caregiving has worked alongside and conflicted with international humanitarian aid. It will also allow us to explore different ways of engaging with historical collections, to explore and critique the ways in which humanitarian and refugee documents are displayed and organised, and to reflect on the complex and emotional relationships people have with humanitarian objects, such as first aid equipment. We will use our online presence (website, Twitter) to foster international collaboration, using hybrid workshops to allow Global South scholars, who are under-represented in research on humanitarianism, to participate.Demonstrating the relevance of humanities research to contemporary health humanitarianism is at the heart of the network. Shared objectives and outputs will be developed in collaboration with participants, particularly project partners Shabaka, the Living Refugee Archive, the British Red Cross, and the Humanitarian Archive. Our findings will transform our understanding of how health and care has been negotiated in humanitarian settings in the past and lead conversations on methodologies to foreground agency and negotiation. In this way, the network will inform advocacy on inclusion in health humanitarianism, engagement strategies in the museum and archive sectors, and advance research that is more effectively able to centre the individuals and communities who are marginalised in research and practice.