PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES--BRAIN-INJURY MEMORY DISORDERS

生理相关性——脑损伤记忆障碍

• 批准号: 3846974
• 负责人: RUSSELL M BAUER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3846974
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; auditory stimulus; autogenic training; behavioral habituation /sensitization; brain injury; cognition; decision making; galvanic skin response; heart rate; human subject; memory; memory disorders; neural information processing; neuropsychology; paired stimuli; performance; psychomotor reaction time; psychophysiology; statistics /biometry; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; visual stimulus

Using physiological measures as independent indices of cognitive operations reflects the development of a relatively new field of inquiry. It has particular relevance to the study of memory disorders, as it permits evidence of mental operation despite no apparent retention. In addition, it allows for an independent assessment of the normalcy of processing characteristics during the performance of tasks on which amnesics do appear normal, e.g., implicit perceptual memory. To date, evidence for the existence of autonomic nervous system responses during a repetition priming study has been obtained with amnesic and physiological changes being noted during a face recognition task performed by a patient with prosopagnosia. These preliminary data suggest that this approach applied to other investigations of information processing deficits could have an extremely important outcome. Three main issues will be the focus of investigation in this proposal. First will be to determine whether or not amnesic patients orient appropriately to changes in stimuli that have inherent value (i.e., novelty) in enhancing later retrieval. Second, involves determining the extent to which specific instructions to orient to features that would enhance memory will change amnesics' response to those stimuli. Third, involves a systematic approach to assessing the amnesic's response to repeated stimuli during an implicit memory task. In order to study these three issues, five lines of research are proposed. The first explores the nature of the habituation of the orienting response. Study 2 explores the relative role of stimulus information vs. significance as factors in influencing amnesics' orienting response. The third experiment is designed to investigate amnesic patients' orientation to significant and/or novel stimuli within a continuous recognition task. Experiment 4 looks at repetition effects during a "data-driven" lexical decision task. Experiment 5 similarly explores these patients' orienting response during a "conceptually-driven" repetition lexical decision task. It is anticipated that the results of these investigations will permit an independent evaluation of amnesics' normalcy, or impairment, during the processing of information on tasks they can perform.

将生理测量作为认知操作的独立指标 反映了一个相对较新的调查领域的发展。它有 在允许的情况下，与记忆障碍的研究特别相关 有精神活动的证据，尽管没有明显的记忆。此外, 它允许对处理的正常性进行独立评估 出现赦免的任务执行过程中的特点 正常的，例如，内隐知觉记忆。到目前为止，证据表明 重复启动过程中自主神经系统反应的存在 研究表明，人们注意到了健忘症和生理变化 在一名面孔失认症患者执行的人脸识别任务中。 这些初步数据表明，这种方法适用于其他 对信息处理缺陷的调查可能会产生极其严重的影响 重要的结果。 这项提案将重点调查三个主要问题。 首先将确定健忘症患者是否定向 适当地适应具有内在价值的刺激的变化(即， 新颖性)增强了以后的检索。第二，涉及到确定 将特定说明定向到以下要素的范围 增强记忆力会改变健忘者对这些刺激的反应。第三, 涉及一种系统的方法来评估健忘症患者对 在内隐记忆任务中重复刺激。为了研究这些 提出了三个问题、五条研究思路。第一部分探讨了 定向反应习惯化的本质。研究2探讨了 刺激信息与重要性作为影响因素的相对作用 影响赦免者的定向反应。设计了第三个实验 调查健忘症患者对有意义和/或新颖的取向 在一个连续的识别任务中的刺激。实验4关注的是 “数据驱动”词汇判断任务中的重复效应。 实验5类似地探索了这些患者在 一项“概念驱动”的重复词汇决定任务。它是 预计这些调查的结果将允许 对赦免期间的正常或损害进行独立评估 处理有关他们可以执行的任务的信息。