HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE INSECT EPIDERMIS

昆虫表皮的激素调节

• 批准号: 3125185
• 负责人: LYNN M RIDDIFORD
• 金额: $ 14.12万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-01-01 至 1986-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3125185
• 关键词: aromatic L aminoacid decarboxylase; autoradiography; cell differentiation; cell growth regulation; disease vectors; ecdysone; electron microscopy; enzyme substrate; gene expression; genetic manipulation; hormone regulation /control mechanism; insect control; invertebrate cuticle; juvenile hormones; larva; metamorphosis; molting; nonmammalian vertebrate embryology; pigmentation; radiotracer

The insect epidermis which produces the overlying cuticle (exoskeleton) performs its various roles in a precisely coordinated manner regulated by the hormonal milieu. Moreover, the epidermal cell in many insects undergoes a sequential polymorphism controlled by the two hormones, 20 hydroxyecdysone (20HE) and juvenile hormone (JH). Therefore, to prove more deeply into the nature and control of these processes, we propose to continue our studies on the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, as a model system. Our specific aims are: to isolate the insecticyanin gene from the Manduca genomic clone library and use it as a representative larval gene to study the regulation of its synthesis by 20HE and JH during the molt cycle and its permanent turnoff at metamorphosis; to study the hormonal control of larval cuticular melanization and associated epidermal pigmentation with special reference to the synthesis and activities of the enzymes involved; to analyze the sequential nature of pupal cuticle deposition in vivo and in vitro, both cytologically and biochemically (in terms of changing protein patterns), the elucidate the role of ecdysteroids in its regulation utilizing the in vitro culture system; to analyze the substrates and enzymes involved in pre-ecdysial pupal tanning and the control of this process by ecdysteroids; to explore the biochemistry of the secretion of the dermal (Verson's) gland and its endocrine regulation as the basis for a possible model system for a study of the morphogenetic action of JH. The information gained in these studies can be readily applied to other insects such as vectors of disease whose epidermis is not soreadily available and utilized in devising insect control methods related to either cuticle synthesis, sclerotization, and waterproofing or to the hormonal control of these processes. Moreover, the information gained about the cellular and molecular basis of the morphogenetic action of 20HE and JH will contribute to a better understanding of a fundamental problem in developmental biology, i.e. how is a cell committed to a particular differentiative pathway.

昆虫的表皮，产生覆盖的角质层(外骨骼) 以精确协调的方式执行其各种角色，受 荷尔蒙环境。此外，许多昆虫的表皮细胞 经历由两种荷尔蒙控制的顺序多态，20 羟基蜕皮激素(20HE)和保幼激素(JH)。因此，要证明 更深入地了解这些过程的性质和控制，我们建议 继续我们对烟草角虫表皮的研究 Sexta，作为一种模式系统。我们的具体目标是：隔离 从Manduca基因组克隆文库中克隆出昆虫花青素基因，并将其用作 有代表性的幼虫基因到20HE研究其合成的调节 和JH，在蜕皮周期和变态时永久关闭； 幼虫角质层黑化的激素调控及相关研究 表皮色素沉着，特别参考合成和 所涉及的酶的活性；分析序列性质 体内和体外的蛹角质层沉积，细胞学和 从生物化学的角度(根据蛋白质模式的变化)，这些研究阐明了 蜕皮激素在体外培养中的调节作用 系统；分析与蜕皮前期有关的底物和酶 蚕蛹制革及蜕皮类固醇对这一过程的控制 真皮(Verson‘s)腺分泌物的生物化学及其 内分泌调节作为一项研究的可能模型系统的基础 JH的形态发生作用。从这些研究中获得的信息 可以很容易地应用于其他昆虫，如病媒，其 表皮并不是那么容易获得和利用来设计昆虫的 控制方法与角质层合成、硬化化和 防水或荷尔蒙控制这些过程。此外， 获得的关于细胞和分子基础的信息 20He和JH的形态发生作用将有助于更好地 理解发育生物学中的一个基本问题，即如何 是一种致力于特定分化途径的细胞。