APPLICATION OF SCATTERING MATRIX METHODS IN VIROLOGY

弹性光散射具有多种偏振特性 其可以在水悬浮液中的病毒状态之后使用， 包括装配或拆卸、相互作用等过程 与免疫系统制剂的相互作用以及与合成药物的相互作用 分子。 这些实验属于光学领域， ”测量？Muller散射矩阵”。 Muller矩阵 包含16个独立的量，可以测量为 散射角的函数，所以这些实验的数据 包括16个不同形状的曲线。 对于病毒和更大的 粒子，这些曲线包含许多独特的特征， 根据优先级模型计算部分地可解释， 并且在与以下相关联之后可能更加可解释： 电镜 穆勒矩阵的测量是一个微妙的实验， 可靠的已发表结果在这一点上落后于理论。 我们建议建立一个穆勒仪器，基于一个新的原则， 我们最近已经详细研究过了 我们将使用 塞曼效应激光器作为偏振调制光源， 与最高质量的晶体偏振光学器件一起， 并广泛自动校正数据的缺陷， 排列和延迟程度。 将抽取病毒样本 通过电泳迁移率穿过散射区， 同时提供净化和一定程度的控制 而不是部分定向，这使信息量增加了一倍， 这是可以获得的。 我们将沿着沿着几条路线扩展我们的理论工作：（i） 增加我们的建模程序可以处理的子单元的数量， 探讨颗粒间过渡区的性质 模型和连续材料。 这将涉及超级计算机 计算。 (ii)扩展Muller矩阵理论， 导致准弹性光散射的动态特性。 这将导致一个理论，将允许测量 病毒颗粒的某些总体机械性能，例如 它对支撑它的液体中的剪切力的响应。（iii） 扩展我们的分析方向平均法，包括 部分定向的病毒集合体，如可能在 移动的样本。 (iv)处理的散射 在激光束的焦点附近捕获的部分定向的病毒， 作为激光偏振的函数。

Elastic light scattering possesses several polarization properties that may be used follow the state of a virus in aqueous suspension, including such processes as assembly or disassembly, interaction with immune system agents, and interaction with synthetic drug molecules. These experiments fall into an area of optics known as "measurement of ?? Muller scattering matrix". The Muller matrix contains 16 independent quantities which may be measured as a function of scattering angle, so the data from these experiments comprises 16 curves of varying shape. For viruses and larger particles, these curves contain many distinctive features that are partially interpretable in terms of a priority model calculations, and which may be even more interpretable after correlation with electron microscopy. Measurement of the Muller matrix is a delicate experiment, and reliable published results are lagging behind theory at this point. We propose to build a Muller instrument, based on a new principle which we have recently worked out in detail. We shall use a Zeeman-effect laser as a polarization-modulated light source, together with crystal polarization optics of the highest quality, and extensive automatic correction of data for imperfections in alignment and degree of retardation. Virus samples will be drawn through the scattering region by electrophoretic mobility, providing simultaneously purification and also a degree of control over partial orientation, which doubles the amount of information that can be obtained. We shall extend our theoretical work along several lines: (i) Increase the number of subunits our modeling program can handle, to probe the properties of the transition region between granular models and continuous material. This will involve supercomputer calculations. (ii) Extend Muller matrix theory to include the dynamic perties that result in quasi-elastic light scattering. This should result in a theory which will allow measurement of certain gross mechanical properties of a virus particle, such as its response to shear forces in the liquid that supports it. (iii) Extend our analytic orientation averaging method to include partially oriented virus ensembles, as might be seen in electrophoretically moving samples. (iv) Treat the scattering of partially oriented viruses trapped near the focus of a laser beam, as a function of laser polarization.