APPLICATION OF SCATTERING MATRIX METHODS IN VIROLOGY

弹性光散射具有多种偏振特性 可以在水悬液中的病毒状态下使用， 包括装配或拆卸、交互等过程 免疫系统药物，以及与合成药物的相互作用 分子。这些实验属于一个光学领域，称为 穆勒散射矩阵的测量“。穆勒矩阵 包含16个独立的量，这些量可以作为 散射角的函数，所以这些实验的数据 包括16条形状各异的曲线。适用于病毒及更大的病毒 粒子，这些曲线包含许多不同的特征， 可根据优先级模型计算部分地解释， 并且在关联之后可能更容易解释 电子显微镜。 测量穆勒矩阵是一项微妙的实验， 在这一点上，可靠的公布结果落后于理论。 我们建议建立一个穆勒仪器，基于一种新的原理 我们最近详细研究出了这一点。我们将使用 塞曼效应激光器作为偏振调制光源， 配合最高品质的晶体偏振光学， 以及对数据的缺陷进行广泛的自动校正 排列和迟缓的程度。病毒样本将被提取 通过电泳迁移率通过散射区， 同时提供净化和一定程度的控制 而不是部分定向，这会使信息量加倍 这是可以获得的。 我们将沿着几条主线扩展我们的理论工作：(一) 增加我们的建模程序可以处理的子单元数量， 探索颗粒间过渡区的性质 模型和连续材质。这将涉及到超级计算机 计算。(Ii)扩展Muller矩阵理论以包括 导致准弹性光散射的动态特性。 这应该导致一种理论，它将允许测量 病毒颗粒的某些大体机械特性，例如 它对支撑它的液体中的剪切力的反应。(Iii) 将我们的分析取向平均化方法扩展到包括 部分定向的病毒集合，可以在 以电泳法移动的样品。(四)处理散布的 部分定向病毒被困在激光束焦点附近， 作为激光偏振的函数。

Elastic light scattering possesses several polarization properties that may be used follow the state of a virus in aqueous suspension, including such processes as assembly or disassembly, interaction with immune system agents, and interaction with synthetic drug molecules. These experiments fall into an area of optics known as "measurement of ?? Muller scattering matrix". The Muller matrix contains 16 independent quantities which may be measured as a function of scattering angle, so the data from these experiments comprises 16 curves of varying shape. For viruses and larger particles, these curves contain many distinctive features that are partially interpretable in terms of a priority model calculations, and which may be even more interpretable after correlation with electron microscopy. Measurement of the Muller matrix is a delicate experiment, and reliable published results are lagging behind theory at this point. We propose to build a Muller instrument, based on a new principle which we have recently worked out in detail. We shall use a Zeeman-effect laser as a polarization-modulated light source, together with crystal polarization optics of the highest quality, and extensive automatic correction of data for imperfections in alignment and degree of retardation. Virus samples will be drawn through the scattering region by electrophoretic mobility, providing simultaneously purification and also a degree of control over partial orientation, which doubles the amount of information that can be obtained. We shall extend our theoretical work along several lines: (i) Increase the number of subunits our modeling program can handle, to probe the properties of the transition region between granular models and continuous material. This will involve supercomputer calculations. (ii) Extend Muller matrix theory to include the dynamic perties that result in quasi-elastic light scattering. This should result in a theory which will allow measurement of certain gross mechanical properties of a virus particle, such as its response to shear forces in the liquid that supports it. (iii) Extend our analytic orientation averaging method to include partially oriented virus ensembles, as might be seen in electrophoretically moving samples. (iv) Treat the scattering of partially oriented viruses trapped near the focus of a laser beam, as a function of laser polarization.