APPLICATION OF SCATTERING MATRIX METHODS IN VIROLOGY

散射矩阵方法在病毒学中的应用。 抽象的。 我们的目标是使光散射成为一种更有用的工具 在病毒学中，利用极化效应， 对颗粒结构的变化非常敏感，但可能 只有当散射粒子大到 病毒 我们将试图证明我们的方法的实用性 通过初步研究TMV组装的动力学， 天然和外源RNA，以及有和没有组装 起始位点 偏振光的散射完全是 由包含16个元素的矩阵描述，每个元素 散射角函数 区别性的测量 这十六条曲线的形状告诉我们，我们将永远 通过光散射了解样品。 矩阵 自然分为六个“偶极子”单元和十个“非偶极子”单元。 非偶极子元素在早期被忽略， 光散射的发展，因为它们太小， 测量小分子的散射。 但在分散， 非常大的生物聚集体，例如病毒， 很难测量，并且可以携带关于 聚集体的结构和动力学。 主要障碍 一直以来，缺乏测量工具， 缺乏解释这种测量的理论。 工作是 在实验和理论上提出。 （1）拟开展的实验工作。(a)改进我们的仪器 这将使我们能够使用蓝光;（B）持续发展 病毒样本的制备，使其适合于分散 实验;（c）研究TMV样合成棒的精确 长度均匀可控，包括实时动态 研究棒组件;（d）研究从 部分定向的病毒集合，测试理论 我们所作的预测;以及（e）关于 Mueller矩阵特征的同时吸收和 散射 （二） 提出的理论工作。(a)继续发展 用于预测十六个散射曲线的快速算法， 来自病毒及其发色团的模型;（B）分析 散射强度波动， 基本曲线，为测量 病毒和其他聚集体的机械弹性，因为它们 受到液体介质中布朗力的扰动。

Applications of scattering matrix methods in virology. Abstract. The goal is to make light scattering a more useful tool in virology, exploiting polarization effects that are hypersensitive to variations in particle structure, but which may be measured only when the scattering particle is as large as a virus. We will attempt to prove the practicality of our method through initial studies of the kinetics of TMV assembly with natural and foreign RNA, and with and without the assembly initiation site. The scattering of polarized light is completely described by a matrix containing sixteen elements, each one a function of scattering angle. Measurement of the distinctive shapes of these sixteen curves tells us all that we will ever know about the sample by means of light scattering. The matrix divides naturally into six 'dipole' elements and ten 'nondipole' elements The nondipole elements were ignored in the early development of light scattering, because they are too small to measure in scattering by small molecules. But in scattering by very large bioaggregates such as viruses they are often not difficult to measure, and can carry important information about the structure and dynamics of the aggregate. The main hindrance to their use has been the lack of instruments to measure them and the lack of theory to interpret such measurements. Work is proposed on both experiment and theory. (1)Proposed experimental work. (a) improvements to our instrument which will allow us to use blue light; (b) continued development of preps for virus samples to make them suitable for scattering experiments; (c) studies on TMV-like synthetic rods of precisely uniform and controllable length, including real-time kinetic studies of rod assembly; (d) investigation of scattering from partially oriented ensembles of viruses, testing theoretical predictions made by ourselves; and (e) basic studies on the Mueller matrix signature of simultaneous absorption and scattering. (2) Proposed theoretical work. (a) continued development of rapid algorithms for predicting the sixteen scattering curves, from a model of the virus and its chromophores; (b) an analysis of scattered intensity fluctuations in terms of the sixteen fundamental curves, laying a theoretical basis for measuring the mechanical elasticity of viruses and other aggregates, as they are perturbed by Brownian forces in the liquid medium.