Exploring knowledge of gene function to combat pod shatter in oilseed rape

探索防止油菜破荚的基因功能知识

基本信息

批准号：
BB/I017232/1
负责人：
Lars Ostergaard
金额：
$ 51.24万
依托单位：
John Innes Centre
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI017232%2F1
关键词：
Exploring knowledge gene function combat

项目摘要

Successful domestication of seed crops depends on the plant's ability to hold on to its progeny until harvest. The problem of seed dispersal control in cereals was solved thousands of years ago through simple selective breeding, but remains a serious issue for oilseed rape. The average annual loss experienced by farmers due to premature fruit opening, known as pod shatter is >10%. This loss can exceed >70% under particularly windy conditions, when wet weather delays harvest or if a hailstorm hits the field when the crop is ripe. With an expanding human population and dramatic changes in climate patterns, the challenge to global food production has never been bigger, and to meet the demands it is essential that performance of our major crops be improved. However, the potential yield gain from such efforts cannot be fully realised if the farmer looses a significant part of his crop even before going out to harvest. Fruits from oilseed rape dry out at maturity and open to allow their seeds to be dispersed in a process known as pod shatter. Unfortunately, all the fruits in the field do not dry out at the same time making it difficult for oilseed rape farmers to time their harvest and obtain all the seeds. In addition to a significant yield loss, the prematurely released seeds fall to the ground and germinate to become weeds (volunteers) and contaminate the harvest of the following year. This severely inhibits the crop rotation practice used by many farmers and is therefore also damaging to the environment. Arabidopsis is a small, weedy plant that has been used as a laboratory model system to elucidate a wide range of aspects related to plant growth and development. Despite a dramatic size difference, fruits from Arabidopsis are remarkably similar to fruits from oilseed rape. In the past decade some of the key genetic regulators of fruit opening in Arabidopsis have been identified, and we have shown that these factors also function in species that are closely related to oilseed rape. In the proposed research project, we will exploit our knowledge to control pod shatter directly in high-yielding UK-elite oilseed rape varieties. Specifically we will manipulate and adjust the activity of a particular gene by the isolation of mutant plants and assessment of their performance in pod shatter-resistance tests. We will furthermore use mutated lines to expand our knowledge about the mechanism of fruit opening to enable us to fine-tune the pod shatter trait in future varieties. Particular strengths of this project are our genetic resources and our expertise in all the required technologies to successfully fulfill our objectives. In conclusion, we believe that the presented project will provide substantial benefits for both farmers and consumers, as well as for the environment.

种子作物的成功驯化取决于植物保持其后代直到收获的能力。数千年前通过简单的选择性繁殖解决了谷物中种子分散控制的问题，但仍然是油料种子强奸的严重问题。由于开放过早的水果，农民的平均年损失（称为豆荚破碎量）> 10％。在尤其是大风条件下，当潮湿的天气延迟收获或冰雹成熟时，这种损失可能超过70％。随着人口的扩大和气候模式的巨大变化，全球粮食产量的挑战从未如此大，并且为了满足要求，必须改善我们的主要作物的表现至关重要。但是，如果农民甚至在出去收获之前就失去了大部分作物，就无法完全意识到这种努力的潜在收益率。油料种子强奸的果实在成熟时干燥，并开放，以使其种子被分散在称为豆荚破碎的过程中。不幸的是，该领域的所有水果都不会同时干燥，这使得油菜种子农民很难收获并获得所有种子。除了明显的产量损失外，过早释放的种子落在地面上并发芽成为杂草（志愿者），并污染了次年的收获。这严重抑制了许多农民使用的作物轮作实践，因此也损害了环境。拟南芥是一种小型的杂草植物，已被用作实验室模型系统，以阐明与植物生长和开发有关的广泛方面。尽管尺寸差异很大，但拟南芥的水果与油料种子强奸的果实非常相似。在过去的十年中，已经确定了拟南芥水果开口的一些关键遗传调节剂，我们已经表明，这些因素在与油料种子强奸密切相关的物种中也起作用。在拟议的研究项目中，我们将利用我们的知识来直接在英国精英油菜的强奸品种中直接控制POD。具体而言，我们将通过分离突变植物的分离并评估其在POD破碎耐药性测试中的性能来操纵和调整特定基因的活性。此外，我们将使用突变的线路来扩展有关水果开放机制的知识，以使我们能够在未来品种中微调豆荚破碎的特征。该项目的特殊优势是我们的遗传资源和我们在成功实现目标的所有必需技术方面的专业知识。总之，我们认为，提出的项目将为农民和消费者以及环境带来重大利益。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A molecular framework controlling style morphology in Brassicaceae.

控制十字花科花柱形态的分子框架。

DOI：
10.1242/dev.158105
发表时间：
2018-03-01
期刊：
Development (Cambridge, England)
影响因子：
0
作者：
Simonini S;Stephenson P;Østergaard L
通讯作者：
Østergaard L

A noncanonical auxin-sensing mechanism is required for organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

DOI：
10.1101/gad.285361.116
发表时间：
2016-10-15
期刊：
Genes & development
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Simonini S;Deb J;Moubayidin L;Stephenson P;Valluru M;Freire-Rios A;Sorefan K;Weijers D;Friml J;Østergaard L
通讯作者：
Østergaard L

A noncanonical auxin-sensing mechanism is required for organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

拟南芥器官形态发生需要非典型的生长素传感机制