Marek's disease virus spread: In and out of chickens

马立克氏病病毒传播：鸡内外

• 批准号: BB/I017577/1
• 负责人: Venugopal Nair
• 金额: $ 44.4万
• 依托单位: The Pirbright Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FI017577%2F1
• 关键词: Marek; disease; virus; spread; out

Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious virus-induced lymphoma in poultry caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), an alphaherpesvirus heavily affecting chicken industry. In spite of the widespread use of live attenuated vaccines during the last 40 years, MD remains a major threat for poultry production with estimated annual economic losses in the range of 1 billion dollars worldwide. In Europe as well as in other countries, MDV has evolved towards a substantially increased virulence observed in more recent strains, thereby threatening the sustainability of the current vaccination strategy. The endemic nature of the disease is clearly linked to the mode of virus transmission and to incomplete protection provided by current vaccines. It is well known that while vaccines protect against the disease, infection and virus shedding are not halted. We hypothesize that the persistence and bird-to-bird transmission of pathogenic strains in vaccinated birds provide the basis for the emergence of very virulent strains. Successful transmission of MDV entails efficient viral shedding from infected birds and the entry of the virus via the respiratory route, in both vaccinated and naïve birds. Improved knowledge about these two essential steps in virus replication is critical to ultimately reduce MDV contamination of the environment and infection of the animals. To date, entry and shedding of MDV in vivo have been poorly studied compared to virus-induced tumourigenesis, host resistance and virulence. Our project aims to study the key elements on the cellular and molecular levels that are involved in virus entry and shedding. The novelty of our project is to focus on differentiated cells, which represent the major target cells infected in vivo and are derived either from the haematopoeitic lineage (macrophages and lymphocytes) or from the skin epithelium.

马立克氏病（Marek's disease，MD）是由马立克氏病病毒（Marek's disease virus，MDV）引起的一种高度传染性淋巴瘤，是严重危害养鸡业的一种α疱疹病毒。尽管在过去的40年中广泛使用减毒活疫苗，但MD仍然是家禽生产的主要威胁，估计全球每年的经济损失在10亿美元的范围内。在欧洲以及其他国家，MDV已经朝着在最近的毒株中观察到的毒力显著增加的方向发展，从而威胁到当前疫苗接种策略的可持续性。这种疾病的地方性显然与病毒传播方式和现有疫苗提供的保护不充分有关。众所周知，虽然疫苗可以预防这种疾病，但感染和病毒脱落并没有停止。我们推测，接种疫苗的禽类中致病性菌株的持续存在和鸟间传播为极强毒株的出现提供了基础。MDV的成功传播需要从受感染的禽类中有效地排出病毒，以及病毒通过呼吸道途径进入接种疫苗的禽类和未接种的禽类。提高对病毒复制中这两个基本步骤的认识对于最终减少MDV对环境的污染和动物的感染至关重要。迄今为止，与病毒诱导的肿瘤发生、宿主抗性和毒力相比，对MDV体内进入和脱落的研究还很薄弱。我们的项目旨在研究参与病毒进入和脱落的细胞和分子水平上的关键要素。我们项目的新奇在于专注于分化细胞，其代表体内感染的主要靶细胞，并且来自造血谱系（巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞）或皮肤上皮。

项目成果

Vaccine and oncogenic strains of gallid herpesvirus 2 contain specific subtype variations in the 5' region of the latency-associated transcript that evolve in vitro and in vivo.

鸡疱疹病毒 2 型的疫苗和致癌菌株在体外和体内进化的潜伏相关转录物的 5 区域含有特定的亚型变异。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2248-3
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Archives of virology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Labaille J