US-UK Collab: The consequences of transmissible vaccines on disease ecology and pathogen evolution: Marek's disease virus as a case study

美英合作：传染性疫苗对疾病生态学和病原体进化的影响：以马立克氏病病毒为例

• 批准号: BB/V017748/1
• 负责人: Venugopal Nair
• 金额: $ 81.81万
• 依托单位: The Pirbright Institute
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV017748%2F1
• 关键词: US; UK; Collab; consequences; transmissible

Decades of evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine has undoubtedly demonstrated the important role of vaccination in the control of infectious diseases. Transmissible vaccines, or self-disseminating vaccines, are vaccines capable of transmitting between individuals. Such vaccines, by nature of their ability to disseminate to hosts that were themselves not directly vaccinated, show substantial promise for interventions in wildlife populations, because each administered vaccine has the potential to reach otherwise inaccessible potential hosts. They may also be useful on farmed populations such as fish or chickens where vaccinating every animal will be difficult. Moreover, such vaccines might be capable of persisting in the animal population over time, reducing the urgency to vaccinate every time populations turn over, such as during reproductive seasons or between farm cohorts. However, the effects of such transmissible vaccines on the virus dynamics and evolution of pathogens, as well as potential recombination have not been examined. This project is developed from the findings of the previous EEID grant, where we found that the more efficient Rispens vaccine against Marek's disease is transmissible between birds. So the concept of the investigation is to examine more about the transmission dynamics and protection of transmissible vaccines that spread between birds. As part of the project, we will investigate whether transmissible vaccine can also drive virus evolution to greater virulence and whether such vaccines can contribute to recombination. The key question we will try to answer using controlled experiments in chickens as to whether transmissible vaccines will make things better or worse. So far a number of theoretical studies on transmissible vaccines have not given conclusive answers. We believe that the efficient transmissible vaccine model in Marek's disease will be valuable to examine how the theory and empirical data can be combined to ask what the overall consequences of transmissible vaccines are on disease ecology and evolution.

人类和兽医学数十年的证据无疑证明了疫苗接种在控制传染病方面的重要作用。传染性疫苗或自传播疫苗是能够在个体之间传播的疫苗。由于这种疫苗能够传播给本身没有直接接种疫苗的宿主，因此在野生动物种群中的干预方面显示出巨大的希望，因为每种接种的疫苗都有可能到达否则无法到达的潜在宿主。它们也可能对养殖种群有用，如鱼或鸡，在这些种群中，很难对每只动物接种疫苗。此外，这些疫苗可能能够随着时间的推移在动物种群中持续存在，从而降低每次种群更替时接种疫苗的紧迫性，例如在繁殖季节或农场队列之间。然而，这种传染性疫苗对病毒动力学和病原体进化以及潜在重组的影响尚未得到研究。该项目是根据先前EEID赠款的发现开发的，在该项目中，我们发现更有效的Rispens疫苗可在鸟类之间传播。因此，调查的概念是更多地研究鸟类之间传播的传播动力学和可传播疫苗的保护。作为该项目的一部分，我们将研究传染性疫苗是否也可以驱动病毒进化到更强的毒力，以及这些疫苗是否有助于重组。我们将通过鸡的对照实验来回答一个关键问题，即传染性疫苗是否会使事情变得更好或更糟。到目前为止，许多关于传染性疫苗的理论研究都没有给出结论性的答案。我们相信，马立克氏病的有效传染性疫苗模型将是有价值的，以研究如何将理论和经验数据相结合，以询问传染性疫苗对疾病生态和进化的总体后果。