Evaluating novel plant oilseeds enriched in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to support sustainable development of aquaculture

评估富含 omega-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸的新型植物油籽以支持水产养殖的可持续发展

• 批准号: BB/J001252/1
• 负责人: Douglas Tocher
• 金额: $ 44.38万
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ001252%2F1
• 关键词: Evaluating; novel; plant; oilseeds; enriched

The widely recognised, highly beneficial effects of fish as components of a healthy diet are almost exclusively derived from their high content of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, which are known to be essential for proper neural development, and protective against several inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular diseases and some neurological disorders. However, over-exploitation of wild fisheries has meant that an ever-increasing proportion of fish in the human food basket is now farmed. Atlantic salmon, a so-called 'oily fish' and arguably the best source of essential omega-3 fatty acids, are the major farmed fish species in the UK. Paradoxically, diets for farmed carnivorous fish, including salmon, have traditionally been based on fishmeal and fish oil, themselves derived from marine fisheries. Continued development of aquaculture requires feeds to move from these finite, limited and dwindling marine resources to environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable ingredients, specifically plant meals and vegetable oils, derived from terrestrial agriculture. However, the oil components of plant-based feeds differ substantially from those of marine-based feeds, completely lacking the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which has important consequences not only for health of fish, but also the health of human consumers. Therefore, the challenge for aquaculture is how to farm fish in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner and yet maintain the high levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that confer their nutritional quality and status as beneficial and healthy components of the human diet. The aim of this project is to produce novel vegetable oils specifically enhanced to fit the needs of the aquafeed industry by containing high levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and that can be used to replace our finite reserves of marine fish oil and prevent the over-exploitation of this natural resource. The first goal of the research will be to develop varieties of oilseed plants that can manufacture and accumulate EPA and DHA in their seeds. The oilseed crop of choice, Camelina sativa, also known as false flax or gold-of-pleasure and a relative of rapeseed traditionally grown for oil in Europe, will be modified using a synthetic biology approach that will result in plants metabolically engineered by the inclusion of algal genes to manufacture the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, usually produced only in marine microalgae. The second specific goal will be to formulate plant-based feeds containing the novel, long-chain omega-3 Camelina oils and to test them in feeding trials with Atlantic salmon, which will determine the efficiency, nutritional quality, and safety of the feeds. A third goal will be to study the metabolism of EPA and DHA in fish cells where we can manipulate the fatty acids supplied very precisely and elucidate the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in determining the fatty acid composition of cells and, in particular, the conversion of EPA to DHA. These cell studies will inform the metabolic engineering experiments by providing data on the levels and ratios of EPA and DHA required in the novel oils for optimal performance in aquafeed formulations. Since farmed salmon are a major source of long-chain omega-3 in the UK diet, with more than 1.2 million salmon meals eaten per day, this project can make a significant contribution to the health and well-being of the human population in the UK. In addition, by improving the sustainability of the UK fish farming industry, this project will help to protect more than 6000 directly employed and industry-associated jobs in largely rural areas.

作为健康饮食的组成部分，鱼类被广泛认识到的高度有益的作用几乎完全来自于其高含量的长链omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸，EPA和DHA，这是已知的对正常神经发育必不可少的，并对包括心血管疾病和一些神经疾病在内的几种炎症条件具有保护作用。然而，对野生渔业的过度开发意味着人类食物篮子中越来越多的鱼现在被养殖。大西洋鲑鱼是英国主要的养殖鱼种，被称为“油性鱼类”，可以说是必需的omega-3脂肪酸的最好来源。矛盾的是，包括鲑鱼在内的养殖肉食性鱼类的饮食传统上是以鱼粉和鱼油为基础的，而鱼粉和鱼油本身来自海洋渔业。水产养殖业的持续发展要求饲料从这些有限、有限和日益减少的海洋资源转向环境友好和生态可持续的成分，特别是来自陆地农业的植物粉和植物油。然而，植物性饲料的油成分与海洋饲料有很大不同，完全缺乏长链omega-3脂肪酸，这不仅对鱼类的健康，而且对人类消费者的健康都有重要影响。因此，水产养殖面临的挑战是如何以可持续和环境友好的方式养殖鱼类，同时保持高水平的长链omega-3脂肪酸，使其营养质量和作为人类饮食有益和健康成分的地位。该项目的目的是生产新型植物油，通过含有高水平的长链omega-3脂肪酸、EPA和DHA来特别增强以适应水产饲料行业的需求，并可用于取代我们有限的海洋鱼油储备，防止对这一自然资源的过度开发。这项研究的第一个目标将是开发各种油籽植物，这些植物可以在种子中制造和积累EPA和DHA。最受欢迎的油籽作物是油茶，也被称为假亚麻或愉悦之金，是欧洲传统上种植的油菜籽的近亲。它将使用合成生物学方法进行改良，通过包含藻类基因的植物代谢工程来制造长链omega-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA，这种脂肪酸通常只在海洋微藻中产生。第二个具体目标将是开发含有新型长链omega-3茶树油的植物性饲料，并在大西洋鲑鱼饲养试验中对其进行测试，这将确定饲料的效率、营养质量和安全性。第三个目标是研究EPA和DHA在鱼类细胞中的代谢，在那里我们可以非常精确地操纵供应的脂肪酸，并阐明决定细胞脂肪酸组成的生化途径和分子机制，特别是EPA到DHA的转化。这些细胞研究将通过提供有关新型油中EPA和DHA的水平和比例的数据，为代谢工程实验提供信息，以实现水产饲料配方中的最佳性能。由于养殖三文鱼是英国饮食中长链omega-3的主要来源，每天食用超过120万份三文鱼粉，该项目可以为英国人类人口的健康和福祉做出重大贡献。此外，通过改善英国养鱼业的可持续性，该项目将有助于保护以农村为主的地区超过6000个直接就业和与行业相关的工作岗位。

项目成果

An oil containing EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa to replace marine fish oil in feeds for Atlantic salmon (salmo salar): effects on intestinal transcriptome.

一种含有来自转基因亚麻荠的 EPA 和 DHA 的油，用于替代大西洋鲑鱼 (salmo salar) 饲料中的海洋鱼油：对肠道转录组的影响。

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Betancor MB

An oil containing EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa to replace marine fish oil in feeds for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Effects on intestinal transcriptome, histology, tissue fatty acid profiles and plasma biochemistry.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175415
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Betancor MB;Li K;Sprague M;Bardal T;Sayanova O;Usher S;Han L;Måsøval K;Torrissen O;Napier JA;Tocher DR;Olsen RE
• 通讯作者: Olsen RE

A nutritionally-enhanced oil from transgenic Camelina sativa effectively replaces fish oil as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid for fish.

来自转基因Camelina sativa的营养增强油有效地取代了鱼油，作为鱼油的来源。

• DOI: 10.1038/srep08104
• 发表时间: 2015-01-29
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Betancor MB;Sprague M;Usher S;Sayanova O;Campbell PJ;Napier JA;Tocher DR
• 通讯作者: Tocher DR

High-EPA oil from transgenic Camelina sativa as a replacement for marine fish oil in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeds.

来自转基因亚麻荠的高 EPA 油可替代大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 饲料中的海洋鱼油。

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Betancor, M.B.

Oil from transgenic Camelina sativa as a source of EPA and DHA in feed for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.).

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735759
• 发表时间: 2021-01-15
• 期刊: Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• 作者: Betancor MB;MacEwan A;Sprague M;Gong X;Montero D;Han L;Napier JA;Norambuena F;Izquierdo M;Tocher DR
• 通讯作者: Tocher DR