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Development of alternative sustainable fish feeds to promote human health using novel non-conventional indigenous ingredients

使用新型非传统本土成分开发替代性可持续鱼饲料以促进人类健康

基本信息

批准号：
BB/N005031/1
负责人：
Douglas Tocher
金额：
$ 103.39万
依托单位：
University of Stirling
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN005031%2F1
关键词：
Development alternative sustainable fish feeds

项目摘要

Omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, are essential dietary nutrients with key roles in neural development, immune and inflammatory responses, and beneficial effects in several pathological conditions, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and some cancers. Many national and international bodies recommend a daily intake of up to 500 mg of Omega-3 for optimum health. It is known that in countries with low economic status the availability of Omega-3 in the food supply is low and often below the minimum recommended intake. It is now appreciated that improvement of human nutrition in terms of fatty acid composition is an important goal and so the primary objective of the project is to address this nutritional deficiency in poor populations in India, Kenya and Tanzania. Almost all long-chain Omega-3 is produced by microalga in marine and freshwater ecosystems and thus fish are the predominant source of these nutrients in the human diet with farmed fish now accounting for around 50% of consumption. However, the only sources of Omega-3 for feeds for farmed fish are fishmeal and fish oil that are also finite and limited resources derived from wild fisheries. Projecting recommended dietary intakes for Omega-3 to a population of 7 billion shows a large gap between supply from fish/seafood (whether wild or farmed) and demand. Therefore, supply of Omega-3 for optimal human nutrition is a global problem that transcends geographical and political boundaries. Conventional plant proteins and vegetable oils do not contain long-chain Omega-3 but their precursor, ALA (short-chain omega-3), can be abundant in terrestrial and freshwater plants. In addition, many freshwater fish species including common carp and Nile tilapia have the metabolic capacity to convert dietary ALA to EPA and DHA. Therefore, one potential option for increasing the amount of Omega-3 available to human populations is to exploit the endogenous ability of freshwater fish species to produce EPA and DHA from ALA. Fish farming in India and Africa is dominated by carp and tilapia production - the species of greatest interest for the production of Omega-3 in farmed fish. Intensification of carp and tilapia aquaculture with associated increased use of supplementary and manufactured feeds provides the opportunity to enhance nutritional quality of the farmed products through higher Omega-3 contents derived from dietary ALA. This must be done sustainably and thus without the use of finite and/or expensive global commodities or competing with existing human food resources or animal feedstuffs represented by current agricultural crops. The aim of the present proposal is to improve Omega-3 status of farmed carp and tilapia in India and Africa (Kenya and Tanzania) for the benefit of poor local populations using indigenous, non-conventional feed ingredients. In this context, we aim to apply and expand current knowledge of nutrient and fatty acid compositions of a range of local, indigenous materials including freshwater plants, microbes and seaweeds and assess their availability, feasibility and potential as feed ingredients in terms of nutritional quality, supply level, and socio-economic viability. Selected novel ingredients will be tested in carp and tilapia feeding studies for ability to support growth, development and health of farmed fish and to enhance nutritional quality through increased the Omega-3 content. The potential of the novel feed ingredients for further widespread application and industrial and commercial scale-up will also be assessed in order to facilitate their exploitation as novel indigenous feed ingredients.

欧米茄-3（n-3）长链多不饱和脂肪酸（欧米茄-3）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）是必需的膳食营养素，在神经发育、免疫和炎症反应中起关键作用，并且在包括心血管和神经系统疾病以及一些癌症在内的若干病理状况中具有有益作用。许多国家和国际机构建议每天摄入高达500毫克的欧米茄-3以获得最佳健康。众所周知，在经济地位较低的国家，食品供应中的欧米茄-3的可用性很低，通常低于最低推荐摄入量。现在人们认识到，从脂肪酸组成方面改善人类营养是一个重要目标，因此该项目的主要目标是解决印度、肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚贫困人口的营养缺乏问题。几乎所有的长链欧米茄-3都是由海洋和淡水生态系统中的微生物产生的，因此鱼类是人类饮食中这些营养素的主要来源，养殖鱼类现在占消费量的50%左右。然而，用于养殖鱼类饲料的Omega-3的唯一来源是鱼粉和鱼油，它们也是来自野生渔业的有限资源。预测70亿人口的Omega-3推荐膳食摄入量显示，鱼类/海鲜（无论是野生的还是养殖的）的供应与需求之间存在巨大差距。因此，为人类提供最佳营养所需的Omega-3是一个超越地理和政治界限的全球性问题。传统的植物蛋白和植物油不含长链欧米茄-3，但它们的前体ALA（短链欧米茄-3）在陆地和淡水植物中含量丰富。此外，许多淡水鱼类，包括鲤鱼和尼罗罗非鱼，都具有将饮食中的ALA转化为EPA和DHA的代谢能力。因此，增加人类可获得的Omega-3量的一个潜在选择是利用淡水鱼类从ALA产生EPA和DHA的内源性能力。在印度和非洲，鱼类养殖以鲤鱼和罗非鱼为主，这是养殖鱼类生产Omega-3最感兴趣的物种。鲤鱼和罗非鱼水产养殖的集约化以及相关的补充饲料和人工饲料的使用增加，提供了通过来自膳食ALA的更高Omega-3含量来提高养殖产品营养质量的机会。必须以可持续的方式做到这一点，因此不使用有限和/或昂贵的全球商品，也不与现有的人类粮食资源或目前农作物所代表的动物饲料竞争。本提案的目的是改善印度和非洲（肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚）养殖鲤鱼和罗非鱼的欧米伽-3含量，造福于使用土著非传统饲料成分的当地贫困人口。在这种情况下，我们的目标是应用和扩大目前的知识，营养和脂肪酸组成的一系列当地，土著材料，包括淡水植物，微生物和海藻，并评估其可用性，可行性和潜力作为饲料成分的营养质量，供应水平和社会经济可行性。选定的新成分将在鲤鱼和罗非鱼饲养研究中进行测试，以支持养殖鱼类的生长，发育和健康，并通过增加Omega-3含量来提高营养质量。还将评估新型饲料成分进一步广泛应用以及工业和商业规模扩大的潜力，以促进其作为新型本土饲料成分的开发。