Using integrative acid-base physiology to improve the efficiency and sustainability of fish production

利用综合酸碱生理学提高鱼类生产的效率和可持续性

• 批准号: BB/J00913X/1
• 负责人: Rod Wilson
• 金额: $ 39.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ00913X%2F1
• 关键词: Using; integrative; acid; base; physiology

Feeding and digestion has been and continues to be extensively studied for both fundamental and applied purposes, in a range of species from all animal groups. The current proposal represents a novel area of research that offers a new integrative perspective on the otherwise well studied phenomenon of digestion. It also provides a previously unforeseen mechanism for improving the conversion of food-to-growth within the globally important aquaculture of trout and salmon. The potential for commercial application has generated an industrial partnership with Skretting, the largest trout feed producer in the UK and worldwide.The proposal stems from our recent discovery in 2008 that a major phenomenon associated with feeding in mammals, the alkaline tide, also occurs in teleost (bony) fish, in which it had not previously been documented. The alkaline tide is a rise in blood bicarbonate (a base) and pH (i.e. more alkaline) lasting several hours following a meal, which results from the need to balance the secretion of acid into the stomach. This carries an energetic cost that we estimate to be between about 5 and 40 % (depending on buffer capacity of the diet) of the energy used by trout to digest a meal. The resulting acid-base disturbance in the blood will also result in a host of physiological consequences including potentially negative effects on respiratory gas exchange, salt and water balance, energy use that will ultimately limit food conversion efficiency and growth rates. In trout one key response to this blood acid-base disturbance is to excrete the excess bicarbonate base into the external water (via the gills), a compensatory process that can last 36 hours. Any treatments that might either lessen the extent of the alkaline tide, or improve the recovery time, could be extremely valuable to the aquaculture industry. This is because such treatments would reduce the energetic costs for the fish (promoting faster growth rates), reduce the economic costs for the fish farmer, and also lessen the impact on increasingly expensive and hard-fought-for marine resources that are currently used to make fishmeal (the primary ingredient in commercial trout food).The project will focus upon the physiological consequences and costs of the alkaline tide in rainbow trout, and specifically how this might influence the biological and economic efficiency of growth in aquaculture conditions. By understanding the physiological implications of the alkaline tide, and how they are affected by environmental and dietary variables, we should be able to understand how this varies in nature (with fishing feeding naturally on diets with very different buffer capacity), and also how to minimise the energetic costs for fish within aquaculture. We aim to study how the temperature and chemistry of freshwater the fish live in can influence their response and recovery time for the alkaline tide. We will also manipulate the diet to see if we can minimise the need for the fish to secrete acid in its stomach and minimising the alkaline tide, thus saving energy and optimising fish growth.We will investigate these phenomena using experimental physiology under laboratory conditions at Exeter, as well as carrying out commercial-scale feeding trials at Skretting's under conditions similar to aquaculture, using novel feeds designed by Skretting's Aquaculture Research Centre in Stavanger, Norway.

摄食和消化已经并将继续被广泛研究的基础和应用的目的，在一系列物种从所有动物群体。目前的建议代表了一个新的研究领域，提供了一个新的综合角度，否则研究的现象消化。它还提供了一个以前未预见的机制，以改善全球重要的鳟鱼和鲑鱼水产养殖中的食物转化为增长。商业应用的潜力已经产生了一个工业伙伴关系Skretting，在英国和世界上最大的鳟鱼饲料生产商。该建议源于我们最近在2008年发现，一个主要的现象与哺乳动物喂养，碱潮，也发生在硬骨鱼（硬骨鱼），它以前没有被记录。碱性潮是血液碳酸氢盐（一种碱）和pH值（即碱性更强）在餐后持续数小时的上升，这是由于需要平衡酸分泌到胃中。这带来了能量成本，我们估计约为鳟鱼消化一餐所用能量的5%至40%（取决于饮食的缓冲能力）。由此产生的血液中的酸碱紊乱也将导致许多生理后果，包括对呼吸气体交换、盐和水平衡、最终限制食物转化效率和生长速率的能量使用的潜在负面影响。在鳟鱼中，对这种血液酸碱紊乱的一个关键反应是将过量的碳酸氢盐排泄到外部水中（通过鳃），这是一个可以持续36小时的补偿过程。任何可能减轻碱潮程度或改善恢复时间的处理方法对水产养殖业都是非常有价值的。这是因为这样的处理会减少鱼类的能量消耗（促进更快的增长率），降低养鱼户的经济成本，并减轻对目前用于制作鱼粉的日益昂贵和难以争夺的海洋资源的影响（商业鳟鱼食物的主要成分）。该项目将侧重于虹鳟鱼碱潮的生理后果和成本，特别是这可能如何影响水产养殖条件下生长的生物和经济效率。通过了解碱性潮汐的生理影响，以及它们如何受到环境和饮食变量的影响，我们应该能够了解这在本质上是如何变化的（鱼类自然地以具有非常不同缓冲能力的饮食为食），以及如何最大限度地减少水产养殖中鱼类的能量成本。我们的目标是研究鱼类生活的淡水的温度和化学物质如何影响它们对碱性潮汐的反应和恢复时间。我们还将控制饮食，看看我们是否可以最大限度地减少鱼在胃中分泌酸的需要，并最大限度地减少碱性潮汐，从而节省能源和优化鱼类生长。我们将在埃克塞特的实验室条件下使用实验生理学研究这些现象，以及在Skretting's在类似于水产养殖的条件下进行商业规模的饲养试验，使用挪威斯塔万格的Skretting水生生物研究中心设计的新型饲料。

项目成果

Rising CO2 enhances hypoxia tolerance in a marine fish.

二氧化碳含量的增加增强了海水鱼类的缺氧耐受性。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51572-4
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Montgomery DW

Sublethal exposure to copper supresses the ability to acclimate to hypoxia in a model fish species.

亚致死接触铜会抑制模型鱼类适应缺氧的能力。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105325
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
• 作者: Fitzgerald JA

A new analysis of hypoxia tolerance in fishes using a database of critical oxygen level (P crit).

使用临界氧气水平（P Crit）数据库对鱼类低氧耐受性的新分析。

• DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow012
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Conservation physiology
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Rogers NJ;Urbina MA;Reardon EE;McKenzie DJ;Wilson RW
• 通讯作者: Wilson RW

Effects of seawater alkalinity on calcium and acid-base regulation in juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) during a moult cycle.

海水碱度对换羽周期中欧洲龙虾幼年（Homarus gammarus）钙和酸碱调节的影响。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.12.002
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology
• 作者: Middlemiss KL

Body mass and cell size shape the tolerance of fishes to low oxygen in a temperature-dependent manner.

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16319
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Global change biology
• 影响因子: 11.6