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Dissecting and Exploiting Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

剖析和利用裂解多糖单加氧酶

基本信息

批准号：
BB/L021633/1
负责人：
Gideon Davies
金额：
$ 78.1万
依托单位：
University of York
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL021633%2F1
关键词：
Dissecting Exploiting Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

项目摘要

The complex sugars, termed "polysaccharides", that are found in the cell-walls of plants and in insects and marine organisms impact on the everyday lives of us all. Plant cellulose, the most abundant of these sugars, is the basis of the textile and paper industries (both paper and cotton are made of cellulose). Plant cell-wall polysaccharides, especially cellulose, are also very important if we are ever able to produce sustainably so-called "second-generation" biofuels such as bioethanol. The reason that cellulose is very important in this regard is that it is highly abundant (100 billion kilogrammes are produced globally every year), is present in all plants, and is the principal component of plants, such as switchgrass, that can be grown densely on marginal land. However, there is one major problem which is the production of bioethanol from cellulose is limited by the chemical inertness of cellulose, which cannot currently be broken down into sugars in a sustainable way. This is a major problem. Indeed, reflecting the thoughts of all authorities on energy, The International Energy Agency says that bioethanol will only play a major role in meeting sustainable energy demands if the key technological barrier of cellulose obduracy can be overcome. The aim of this BBSRC grant application is to study how natural catalysts which can be isolated from fungi and bacteria, termed "enzymes", can actually be used to digest and breakdown polysaccharides including cellulose from plants and chitin from insects/crustaceans. These catalysts are the vanguard of the industries that are springing-up which have the goal of harnessing complex as a biofuel source. As part of our work we will discover new enzymes with diverse functions, study their three-dimensional structures and crucially dissect their highly unusual dependence on metals such as copper for their catalytic ability. We will then use the emerging area of "synthetic biology" to design completely novel catalysts using components not found naturally in nature. Our work will provide the community with insight into the function and action of these catalysts and provide a foundation for their exploitation in the biofuel and other industries.

在植物、昆虫和海洋生物的细胞壁中发现的被称为“多糖”的复杂糖类影响着我们所有人的日常生活。植物纤维素是这些糖中含量最丰富的，是纺织和造纸工业的基础(纸和棉花都是由纤维素制成的)。如果我们能够可持续地生产所谓的“第二代”生物燃料，如生物乙醇，植物细胞壁多糖，特别是纤维素，也是非常重要的。纤维素在这方面非常重要的原因是，它非常丰富(全球每年生产1000亿公斤)，存在于所有植物中，是可以在边缘土地上密集种植的柳枝草等植物的主要成分。然而，有一个主要问题是，从纤维素生产生物乙醇受到纤维素化学惰性的限制，目前纤维素不能以可持续的方式分解为糖。这是一个大问题。事实上，反映了所有权威机构对能源的想法，国际能源署表示，只有克服纤维素顽固的关键技术障碍，生物乙醇才能在满足可持续能源需求方面发挥重要作用。这项BBSRC拨款申请的目的是研究可以从真菌和细菌中分离出来的天然催化剂，即被称为“酶”的天然催化剂，如何真正用于消化和分解包括植物的纤维素和昆虫/甲壳类动物的甲壳素在内的多糖。这些催化剂是新兴行业的先锋，这些行业的目标是利用复合体作为生物燃料来源。作为我们工作的一部分，我们将发现具有不同功能的新酶，研究它们的三维结构，并关键地剖析它们对铜等金属催化能力的极不寻常的依赖。然后，我们将利用新兴的“合成生物学”领域，使用自然界中没有发现的成分来设计全新的催化剂。我们的工作将使社会各界深入了解这些催化剂的功能和作用，并为它们在生物燃料和其他行业的开发提供基础。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Discovery and characterization of a new family of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases.

DOI：
10.1038/nchembio.1417
发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
影响因子：
14.8
作者：
Hemsworth, Glyn R.;Henrissat, Bernard;Davies, Gideon J.;Walton, Paul H.
通讯作者：
Walton, Paul H.

The molecular basis of polysaccharide cleavage by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases.

DOI：
10.1038/nchembio.2029
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
Nature chemical biology
影响因子：
14.8
作者：
Frandsen KE;Simmons TJ;Dupree P;Poulsen JC;Hemsworth GR;Ciano L;Johnston EM;Tovborg M;Johansen KS;von Freiesleben P;Marmuse L;Fort S;Cottaz S;Driguez H;Henrissat B;Lenfant N;Tuna F;Baldansuren A;Davies GJ;Lo Leggio L;Walton PH
通讯作者：
Walton PH

Oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides by a termite-derived superoxide dismutase boosts the degradation of biomass by glycoside hydrolases.