Developing novel types of low protein wheat for breadmaking

开发用于面包制作的新型低蛋白小麦

• 批准号: BB/N000854/1
• 负责人: Peter Shewry
• 金额: $ 41.29万
• 依托单位: Rothamsted Research
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN000854%2F1
• 关键词: Developing; novel; types; low; protein

Nitrogen fertiliser is essential to sustain wheat yields but is also an important determinant of grain quality. This is because nitrogen is required for the synthesis of grain proteins, with the gluten proteins forming the major grain protein fraction. About 40% of the wheat produced in the UK is used for food production, particularly for making bread and other baked products. Wheat is also widely used as a functional ingredient in many processed foods, while bread wheat and imported durum wheats are used to make noodles and pasta, respectively. The gluten proteins are essential for these uses, providing visco-elastic properties to dough. Consequently, the content and quality of the grain proteins affect the processing quality, with a minimum of 13% being specified for the Chorleywood Breadmaking Process (CBP) which is used for over 80% of the "factory produced" bread in the UK. The requirement of nitrogen to produce wheat for bread making is also above the optimum required for yield, and farmers may apply up to 50 kg N/Ha above the yield optimum to achieve 13% protein (2.28% N). This is costly with nitrogen fertiliser contributing significantly to crop production, and may also contribute to a greater "nitrogen footprint" in the farmed environment. It may be possible to reduce the requirement for breadmaking wheats, to a limited extent, by optimising the efficiency of nitrogen uptake and use within the wheat plant. However, this will only have limited benefits and a more viable long-term solution is to develop new types of wheat and processing systems which will allow the use of lower protein contents for bread making. We will therefore identify types of wheat which have good and stable breadmaking quality at low grain protein. Genetic analyses of the trait will provide molecular markers to assist wheat breeders while studies of underpinning mechanisms will allow new selection procedures to be used to identify germplasm and select for quality in breeding programmes. We will also work with millers and bakers to establish optimum conditions for processing of wheats with lower protein contents.

氮肥对维持小麦产量是必不可少的，但也是决定谷物质量的重要因素。这是因为氮素是合成谷物蛋白质所必需的，面筋蛋白构成了谷物蛋白质的主要部分。英国生产的小麦中约有40%用于食品生产，特别是制作面包和其他烘焙产品。小麦也被广泛用作许多加工食品的功能成分，而面包小麦和进口硬质小麦分别用于制作面条和意大利面。面筋蛋白对于这些用途是必不可少的，它为面团提供粘弹性特性。因此，谷物蛋白质的含量和质量影响加工质量，Chorley wood面包制作工艺(CBP)规定的最低含量为13%，在英国，80%以上的“工厂生产”面包都使用该工艺。生产面包用小麦的氮素需求也高于最适产量要求，农民可以在最适产量基础上再施50公斤氮/公顷，以获得13%的蛋白质(2.28%N)。由于氮肥对作物产量的贡献很大，这样做的成本很高，而且可能还会在耕作环境中造成更大的“氮足迹”。通过优化小麦植株内氮素的吸收和利用效率，有可能在有限的程度上减少对面包小麦的需求。然而，这只会带来有限的好处，更可行的长期解决方案是开发新类型的小麦和加工系统，允许使用较低的蛋白质含量来制作面包。因此，我们将确定具有良好和稳定的面包品质和低蛋白质含量的小麦类型。对该性状的遗传分析将为小麦育种者提供分子标记，而对支撑机制的研究将允许在育种计划中使用新的选择程序来鉴定种质和选择质量。我们还将与磨坊和面包师合作，建立加工蛋白质含量较低的小麦的最佳条件。

项目成果

Identification of traits underpinning good breadmaking performance of wheat grown with reduced nitrogen fertilisation.

鉴定支持减少氮肥种植的小麦良好面包制作性能的性状。

• DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12848
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of the science of food and agriculture
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Shewry PR

Gradients of gluten proteins and free amino acids along the longitudinal axis of the developing caryopsis of bread wheat.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02728
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Zhiqiang Shi;Yan Wang;Y. Wan;K. Hassall;D. Jiang;P. Shewry;M. Hawkesford

Low protein wheat for bread making Project Report No. 621

面包用低蛋白小麦项目报告第621号

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Shewry PR

Genetic variation and heritability of grain protein deviation in European wheat genotypes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107896
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Field Crops Research
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: E. Mosleth;M. Lillehammer;T. Pellny;Abigail J. Wood;A. Riche;A. Hussain;S. Griffiths;M. Hawkesford;P. Shewry