OLFACTORY INFLUENCES ON PHYSIOLOGY PARAMETERS

腋窝区域是身体产生独特气味的区域。 特点。在腋下；顶分泌、皮脂腺、小汗腺和 Apoeccrine腺体为大量的永久种群提供底物 微生物。大量研究表明，腋窝分泌物 可以在个人或人群之间传递信息。这些 气味使个人能够识别自己的气味以及 他们的配偶和近亲。此外，来自我们的研究 实验室表明，从男性和女性身上提取的乙醇提取物 腋窝分泌物可以改变人类女性的长度和时间 月经周期。因此，腋下分泌物和它们的气味就会出现。 成为记录最好的人类气味来源，与化学交流 属性。 尽管腋下分泌物及其气味可以传达 个人和/或群体之间的信息，很少信息 已经发表了关于腋臭的结构性质的文章 以及产生它们的生化途径。以前的研究 腋下气味表明挥发性类固醇和异戊醇 酸是腋臭的主要来源。我们的 最近发表的研究已经确定了腋窝的性质 气味，在组合的男性样本中；它们是C6到C11饱和的，不饱和的 和支化酸，其中(E)-3-甲基-2-己烯酸是最大的 组件存在。我们提议的研究将检查有气味的 男性和女性个体受试者的组成部分和文件中的更改 这些化合物贯穿整个月经周期。拟议的研究还将 进一步鉴定主腋窝的蛋白质前体 气味：3-甲基-2-己烯酸。我们现在已经提高了对这两种病毒的抗体 顶分泌分泌气味结合蛋白，并将这些用于 亲和柱，以获得更多的这些化合物。事实是， 一种特有的人类气味会分泌到皮肤上，与蛋白质结合在一起 一项新奇的发现。这表明，如果这种气味表征了 腋毛负责报告的引子信息素活性 腋下提取物(例如，月经周期改变)，化学 可能与其他哺乳动物的信息素系统相似。

The axillary region is a body area with unique odor-producing characteristics. In the axillae; apocrine, sebaceous, eccrine and apoeccrine glands provide substrate for a large permanent population of microorganisms. Numerous studies have suggested that axillary secretions can convey information between individuals or groups of people. These odors allow individuals to identify their own odor as well as those of their spouse and close genetic kin. In addition, studies from our laboratory have shown that ethanol extracts made from male and female axillary secretions can change the length and timing of the human female menstrual cycle. Consequently, axillary secretions and their odors appear to be the best documented human odor source with chemical communicatory properties. Despite the fact that axillary secretions and their odors can convey information between individuals and/or groups of people, little information has been published concerning the structural nature of the axillary odors and the biochemical pathways that produce them. Previous studies of axillary odors have suggested that the volatile steroids and isovaleric acid are major contributors to the characteristic axillary odor. Our recently published studies have determined the nature of the axillary odors, in a combined male sample; they are C6 to C11 saturated, unsaturated and branched acids, with (E)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid being the largest component present. Our proposed studies will examine the odoriferous components in individual male and female subjects and document changes in these compounds across the menstrual cycle. The proposed study will also further characterize the proteinaceous precursors to the major axillary odorant: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid. We now have raised antibodies to both of the apocrine secretion odor binding proteins and will use these in an affinity column to obtain larger amounts of these compounds. The fact that a characteristic human odor is secreted onto the skin bound to proteins is a novel finding. It suggests that if the odors which characterize the axillae are responsible for the primer pheromone activity reported for axillary extracts (e.g., menstrual cycle alteration), the chemistry involved may be similar to other mammalian pheromone systems.