OLFACTORY INFLUENCES ON PHYSIOLOGY PARAMETERS

腋窝区是一个独特的气味产生的身体区域 特色 在腋窝;顶浆分泌，皮脂腺，外分泌和 顶泌腺为大量的永久性的 微生物的 许多研究表明，腋窝分泌物 可以在个人或群体之间传递信息。 这些 气味使人们能够识别自己的气味，以及那些 他们的配偶和近亲 此外，我们的研究 实验室已经表明，从雄性和雌性动物身上提取乙醇提取物 腋窝分泌物可以改变人类女性的长度和时间 月经周期 因此，腋窝分泌物及其气味出现 是最好的记录人类气味源与化学通讯 特性. 尽管腋窝的分泌物和它们的气味可以传递 个人和/或群体之间的信息，很少的信息 已经发表了关于腋窝气味的结构性质 以及产生它们的生化途径。 以往的研究 腋窝的气味表明，挥发性类固醇和异戊酸 酸是腋窝特有气味的主要来源。 我们 最近发表的研究已经确定了腋窝的性质， 气味，在一个合并的男性样本;他们是C6至C11饱和，不饱和 和支链酸，其中（E）-3-甲基-2-己烯酸是最大的 组件存在。 我们计划的研究将检查气味 个体男性和女性受试者中的成分，并记录 这些化合物在月经周期中的变化。 拟议的研究还将 进一步表征了大腋窝的蛋白质前体， 增味剂：3-甲基-2-己烯酸。 我们现在已经培养出了针对这两种病毒的抗体 的顶浆分泌气味结合蛋白，并将使用这些在一个 亲和柱以获得更大量的这些化合物。 的事实 一种人类特有的气味被分泌到皮肤上， 一个新奇的发现 这表明，如果气味的特点， 腋窝负责引物信息素活动报告 腋窝提取物（例如，月经周期改变），化学 所涉及的可能类似于其他哺乳动物信息素系统。

The axillary region is a body area with unique odor-producing characteristics. In the axillae; apocrine, sebaceous, eccrine and apoeccrine glands provide substrate for a large permanent population of microorganisms. Numerous studies have suggested that axillary secretions can convey information between individuals or groups of people. These odors allow individuals to identify their own odor as well as those of their spouse and close genetic kin. In addition, studies from our laboratory have shown that ethanol extracts made from male and female axillary secretions can change the length and timing of the human female menstrual cycle. Consequently, axillary secretions and their odors appear to be the best documented human odor source with chemical communicatory properties. Despite the fact that axillary secretions and their odors can convey information between individuals and/or groups of people, little information has been published concerning the structural nature of the axillary odors and the biochemical pathways that produce them. Previous studies of axillary odors have suggested that the volatile steroids and isovaleric acid are major contributors to the characteristic axillary odor. Our recently published studies have determined the nature of the axillary odors, in a combined male sample; they are C6 to C11 saturated, unsaturated and branched acids, with (E)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid being the largest component present. Our proposed studies will examine the odoriferous components in individual male and female subjects and document changes in these compounds across the menstrual cycle. The proposed study will also further characterize the proteinaceous precursors to the major axillary odorant: 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid. We now have raised antibodies to both of the apocrine secretion odor binding proteins and will use these in an affinity column to obtain larger amounts of these compounds. The fact that a characteristic human odor is secreted onto the skin bound to proteins is a novel finding. It suggests that if the odors which characterize the axillae are responsible for the primer pheromone activity reported for axillary extracts (e.g., menstrual cycle alteration), the chemistry involved may be similar to other mammalian pheromone systems.