15-IWYP: Molecular Dissection of Spike Yield Components in Wheat

15-IWYP：小麦穗产量成分的分子剖析

• 批准号: BB/N020413/1
• 负责人: Cristobal Uauy
• 金额: $ 69.43万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN020413%2F1
• 关键词: 15; IWYP; Molecular; Dissection; Spike

We face a major challenge in understanding the genetic architecture of yield potential in wheat. We propose a systematic genetic approach to identify potential developmental bottlenecks in the early stages of spike and grain development. We hypothesise that this approach will contribute to the identification of novel allelic variation that will deliver step-changes in wheat yield potential. Increasing wheat yields will require simultaneous improvements of both the 'source' and 'sink' and that the various yield components must be studied together to address the known negative correlations that exist between some of these traits (e.g. grain number and weight). However, a reductionist and systematic approach can be used as an initial step to understand the gene networks regulating each individual yield component. This knowledge can then be applied to assemble the best allelic combinations. This proposal is focused on the 'sink' side of the equation and specifically on the simultaneous increase of the number of grains per spike and the size of the individual grains. These yield components are mainly determined during a relatively narrow and well-defined window in the early stages of spike and carpel/grain development. We propose to focus on the critical early periods of spike and carpel/grain development, combine favourable alleles previously identified by our groups, and exploit exome sequenced tetraploid and hexaploid TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes) populations to identify novel allelic variants. The past wheat TILLING population will allow rapid evaluation of genes in null double-mutants, whereas the bread wheat population will complement this approach and allow deployment into elite bread wheat varieties.In this project we will identify and characterise a set of genes regulating grain number and weight, and develop novel allelic combinations to enhance overall spike yield in wheat. We have validated a set of both natural and novel induced allelic variants from the TILLING populations that affect specific spike yield components and have systematically developed the germplasm, techniques, and functional genomics resources required to address the proposed objectives. We will exploit emerging genomic advances and will work closely with breeders to rapidly introduce this variation into CIMMYT germplasm. The variation and allelic combinations generated within this project have not previously been utilised in traditional wheat breeding programmes and, therefore, represent an unprecedented opportunity to make significant progress in the genetic yield potential of wheat.The main direct outcomes expected from this research are: (1) Identification and characterisation (molecular, physiological and agronomic) of novel gene variants controlling wheat spike yield components (2) Creation of double and triple mutants targeting all homoeologs for the selected genes to overcome functional redundancy(3) Generation of adapted germplasm with new allelic combinations affecting complementary spike yield components

在了解小麦产量潜力的遗传结构方面，我们面临着一个重大挑战。我们提出了一种系统的遗传方法来识别穗和籽粒发育早期阶段的潜在发育瓶颈。我们假设这种方法将有助于鉴定新的等位基因变异，从而实现小麦产量潜力的阶梯式变化。提高小麦产量将需要同时改善“源”和“库”，并且必须一起研究各种产量组成部分，以解决其中一些性状（例如粒数和重量）之间已知的负相关关系。然而，一个还原论和系统的方法可以作为一个初步的步骤，以了解基因网络调节每个单独的产量组成部分。这些知识可以用于组合最佳的等位基因组合。这一建议侧重于等式的“吸收”方面，特别是同时增加每个穗的颗粒数量和单个颗粒的大小。这些产量成分主要是在穗和心皮/籽粒发育的早期阶段一个相对狭窄和明确的窗口内确定的。我们建议将重点放在穗和心皮/籽粒发育的关键早期阶段，结合我们之前发现的有利等位基因，并利用外显子组测序的四倍体和六倍体TILLING （Targeting Induced Local lesion in Genomes）群体来鉴定新的等位基因变异。过去的小麦TILLING群体将允许对无效双突变体的基因进行快速评估，而面包小麦群体将补充这种方法并允许部署到优质面包小麦品种中。在这个项目中，我们将鉴定和表征一组调节粒数和重量的基因，并开发新的等位基因组合，以提高小麦的整体穗产量。我们已经验证了一组来自TILLING群体的自然和新的诱导等位基因变异，这些变异会影响特定的穗产量成分，并系统地开发了解决所提出目标所需的种质、技术和功能基因组学资源。我们将利用新兴的基因组进展，并将与育种者密切合作，迅速将这种变异引入CIMMYT种质。在这个项目中产生的变异和等位基因组合以前没有在传统的小麦育种计划中得到利用，因此，在小麦遗传产量潜力方面取得重大进展是一个前所未有的机会。本研究的主要直接成果是：(1)鉴定和鉴定控制小麦穗产量成分的新基因变异（分子、生理和农艺）；(2)为选定基因创建针对所有同源基因的双突变体和三重突变体，以克服功能冗余；(3)产生具有影响互补穗产量成分的新等位基因组合的适应性种质

项目成果

A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat.

一种还原主义的方法，用于剖析小麦的晶粒重量和产量。

• DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12741
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: Journal of integrative plant biology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Brinton J;Uauy C
• 通讯作者: Uauy C

Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Architecture in Wild Wheat Aegilops tauschii.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00886
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Arora S;Singh N;Kaur S;Bains NS;Uauy C;Poland J;Chhuneja P
• 通讯作者: Chhuneja P

High expression of VRT2 increases the number of rudimentary basal spikelets in wheat

VRT2的高表达增加了小麦中未发育基部小穗的数量

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.03.454952
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Backhaus A

Delayed development of basal spikelets in wheat explains their increased floret abortion and rudimentary nature

小麦基部小穗发育延迟解释了其小花败育和发育不良的增加

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528935
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Backhaus A

Applying the latest advances in genomics and phenomics for trait discovery in polyploid wheat.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14150
• 发表时间: 2019-01
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Borrill P;Harrington SA;Uauy C
• 通讯作者: Uauy C