16AGRITECHCAT5: Integrated control of Leptosphaeria pathogens on UK winter oilseed rape

16AGRITECHCAT5：英国冬季油菜上细球菌病原体的综合控制

• 批准号: BB/P00489X/1
• 负责人: Bruce Fitt
• 金额: $ 47.8万
• 依托单位: University of Hertfordshire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP00489X%2F1
• 关键词: 16AGRITECHCAT5; Integrated; control; Leptosphaeria; pathogens

Phoma stem canker is an economically important disease of oilseed rape in the UK, leading to annual yield losses > £100M. This disease is caused by two closely related pathogens: Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculans. However, current control of this disease focuses only on L. maculans and does not account for epidemics caused by L. biglobosa. This is one reason why this disease still causes substantial yield losses in the UK, despite the use of fungicides costing £20 M p.a. Results of recent work showed that L. biglobosa can be as destructive as L. maculans and that L. biglobosa is less sensitive to triazole fungicides than L. maculans. Therefore, L. biglobosa is a growing threat to oilseed rape production in the UK since no methods have been developed to control it. Previous research has mainly focused on improving control of L. maculans by both cultivar resistance and fungicides and little work has been done on control of L. biglobosa. The aims of this project are to understand stem canker epidemics caused by L. biglobosa and to develop new strategies for better control of phoma stem canker by targeting both causal pathogens (L. biglobosa and L. maculans). This project will use molecular techniques to investigate the differences between different regions in proportions of L. biglobosa and L. maculans in pathogen populations from air samples and differences in proportions of L. biglobosa and L. maculans in oilseed rape stems with severe canker symptoms sampled from different field trials and farmer's fields. Results will be used to guide deployment of cultivars with suitable resistance for the region where the corresponding pathogen species (L. biglobosa or L. maculans) is predominant. Control of severe stem canker epidemics involves fungicides. However, current fungicide control targets only L. maculans and has relied on use of triazole fungicides. Recent work showed that L. biglobosa is less sensitive to triazole fungicides than L. maculans. This project will investigate efficacy of triazole and non-triazole fungicides for control of L. biglobosa as well as L. maculans. The new knowledge about efficacy of different fungicides for control of the two pathogens, combined with the information about proportions of L. biglobosa and L. maculans in pathogen populations, will enable better control of the disease by targeted fungicide application. This project will also investigate the mechanisms of changes in sensitivity to different fungicides in L. biglobosa and L. maculans. The new knowledge will be used to guide use of existing fungicides and development of new fungicides.Use of host resistance is an effective and environmentally friendly way to control plant diseases. However, previous work on oilseed rape resistance against phoma stem canker has been focused on resistance against L. maculans with no work done on resistance against L. biglobosa. This project will assess cultivars and pre-breeding material for resistance against L. biglobosa and use recent developments in genomics to identify candidate resistance genes. This will provide new knowledge for improving breeding and using cultivar resistance to control the disease.New knowledge obtained from this project about the two causal pathogens, host resistance and efficacy of different fungicides for controlling them will be used to develop integrated control strategies for better control of phoma stem canker. This project will benefit growers by reducing yield losses through development of effective control methods targeting both pathogens. It will also address the challenge of food security. The environment will also benefit from reduced use of fungicides through targeted fungicide applications.

茎点霉茎溃疡病是英国油菜的一种重要经济病害，每年造成的产量损失超过1亿英镑。该病是由两种密切相关的病原体引起的：二裂叶小球腔菌和L.斑点。然而，目前对该病的控制仅集中在L。maculans和不占流行引起的L。biglobosa。这就是为什么这种疾病在英国仍然造成大量产量损失的原因之一，尽管使用杀真菌剂每年花费2000万英镑。最近的研究结果表明，L。biglobosa可以像L. maculans和L. biglobosa对三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性低于L.斑点。因此，L.在英国，由于一直没有开发出有效的防治方法，大裂叶卷叶蛾对油菜生产的威胁越来越大。小麦条斑病菌主要受品种抗性和杀菌剂的影响，而在防治方面的研究较少。biglobosa。 本计画的目的是了解由L. biglobosa和开发新的战略，更好地控制茎点霉茎溃疡病的目标是两个致病病原体（L。biglobosa和L. maculans）。本研究将利用分子生物学技术研究不同地区的L. biglobosa和L.从空气样品中的病原体种群的斑点和L。biglobosa和L.从不同田间试验和农民田间取样的具有严重溃疡症状的油菜茎中的斑点。结果将用于指导部署具有适当抗性的品种，用于相应的病原体物种（L。biglobosa或L. maculans）占主导地位。控制严重的茎溃疡病流行涉及杀真菌剂。然而，目前的杀菌剂控制仅针对L.并且依赖于使用三唑杀真菌剂。最近的研究表明L. biglobosa对三唑类杀菌剂的敏感性低于L.斑点。本项目将研究三唑类和非三唑类杀菌剂对L. biglobosa和L.斑点。本文综述了不同药剂对这两种病原菌防治效果的新认识，并结合L. biglobosa和L.病原体种群中的斑点病菌，将能够通过有针对性的杀真菌剂应用更好地控制疾病。本项目还将研究不同杀菌剂对L. biglobosa和L.斑点。这些新知识将用于指导现有杀菌剂的使用和新杀菌剂的开发。利用寄主抗性是防治植物病害的有效和环境友好的方法。然而，以往油菜抗茎点霉茎溃疡病的研究主要集中在对L.对L. biglobosa。本项目将评估品种和预育种材料对L。biglobosa，并利用基因组学的最新发展，以确定候选抗性基因。这将为改进育种和利用品种抗性控制病害提供新的知识。本项目获得的关于两种致病病原体、寄主抗性和不同杀菌剂控制它们的效果的新知识将用于开发更好地控制茎点霉茎溃疡病的综合控制策略。该项目将通过开发针对这两种病原体的有效控制方法来减少产量损失，从而使种植者受益。它还将应对粮食安全的挑战。环境也将受益于通过有针对性的杀真菌剂应用减少杀真菌剂的使用。

项目成果

Identification of novel sources of pest and disease resistance in the UK OREGIN Brassica biodiversity collection

英国 OREGIN 芸苔属生物多样性收藏中抗病虫害新来源的鉴定

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Huang YJ

Evaluation of oilseed rape seed yield losses caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in central China

• DOI: 10.1007/s10658-017-1266-x
• 发表时间: 2018-01-01
• 期刊: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Cai, Xiang;Huang, Yongju;Yang, Long
• 通讯作者: Yang, Long

Effective control of Leptosphaeria maculans increases importance of L. biglobosa as a cause of phoma stem canker epidemics on oilseed rape.

• DOI: 10.1002/ps.7248
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Pest management science
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Yong-Ju Huang;S. N. Sidique;Chinthani S. Karandeni Dewage;L. H. Gajula;G. Mitrousia;A. Qi;J. West;B. Fitt

Identification of pest and disease resistance in the UK OREGIN Brassica biodiversity collection

英国 OREGIN 芸苔属生物多样性收藏中的病虫害抗性鉴定

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Huang YJ

Azole fungicide sensitivity and molecular mechanisms of reduced sensitivity in Irish Pyrenopeziza brassicae populations.

爱尔兰 Pyrenopeziza 芸苔种群中唑类杀菌剂敏感性和敏感性降低的分子机制。

• DOI: 10.1002/ps.7219
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Pest management science
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Bucur DE