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Targeting symptomless pathogen growth to control fungal plant diseases

针对无症状病原体生长来控制真菌植物病害

基本信息

批准号：
BB/E001610/1
负责人：
Bruce Fitt
金额：
$ 42.82万
依托单位：
Rothamsted Research
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE001610%2F1
关键词：
Targeting symptomless pathogen growth control

项目摘要

Symptomless pathogen spread in host tissues is a crucial stage in the development of diseases, including most plant diseases. Better understanding of this symptomless spread is essential to devise effective measures for control of such diseases, whether it be through host resistance or application of fungicide sprays. Phoma stem canker is the most important disease of oilseed rape in the world, including the UK. Whilst the pathogen initially infects the leaves, it then grows symptomlessly down their petioles (stalks) to reach plant stems, where the damaging phase of epidemics occurs. Recent evidence suggests that field (quantitative) resistance to the pathogen operates during the symptomless phase of the disease and that treatment of crops with fungicides when infections are symptomless is crucial to effective disease control. The recent development at Rothamsted of pathogen strains expressing the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods to quantify the biomass of the pathogen in symptomless tissues provides a unique opportunity to investigate the symptomless phase of this disease. Furthermore, these methods can be used on host material recently produced by INRA (Rennes, France) that provides greater genetic resolution of the chromosomal regions containing genes contributing to quantitative resistance. This work, supported as an IPA application by DuPont, who have interests in both crop breeding and fungicides, will aim to answer two questions. 1. Is oilseed rape resistance restricting symptomless growth of the phoma stem canker pathogen down the leaf stalk and into the plant stem the key component of field resistance to the disease? 2. Are current fungicides effective against the pathogen (Leptosphaeria maculans) only if applied before the pathogen causes stem symptoms? This will involve four tasks. Task 1 will address question 1 by comparing results obtained in controlled environment (CE) experiments (GFP, qPCR) on resistance to symptomless spread of the pathogen in leaf stalks with data from field experiments (qPCR, stem canker severity assessed by sampling stems before harvest). Task 2 will address question 1 by comparing results obtained in controlled environment (CE) experiments (GFP, qPCR) on resistance to symptomless spread of the pathogen in plant stems with data from field experiments. Thus it should be possible to determine whether the main component of quantitative resistance occurs during growth down the leaf stalk or during colonisation of stem tissues. Task 3 will investigate the genetic control of resistance to symptomless growth of the pathogen in leaf stalks and plant stems, exploiting results of field and controlled environment experiments in relation to existing and new genetic mapping information. Task 4 will address question 2 by examining interactions between fungicide and genetic resistance effects on symptomless pathogen growth in leaf stalks and plant stems. It will involve CE experiments (GFP) with resistant and susceptible lines. Fungicide applications will be made at different times in relation to inoculation (determined by results of task 2) and the effects on symptomless growth in a number of genetically different host lines observed. CE experiments will be complemented by field experiments with a range of fungicide timings. Results of these experiments will be used to identify and characterise the quantitative resistance to L.maculans, so that it can be easily exploited in resistance breeding programmes. They will also enable timing of fungicide applications to be optimised.

病原菌在寄主组织中的无症状传播是包括大多数植物疾病在内的疾病发展的关键阶段。更好地了解这种无病毒的传播对于制定有效的措施来控制这些疾病是至关重要的，无论是通过宿主抗性还是应用杀菌剂喷雾。茎点霉茎溃疡病是世界上油菜最重要的病害，英国也是其中之一。虽然病原体最初感染叶子，但它随后沿着叶柄（茎）无阻碍地生长，到达植物茎，在那里发生流行病的破坏阶段。最近的证据表明，对病原体的田间（定量）抗性在疾病的无菌阶段起作用，并且在感染无菌时用杀真菌剂处理作物对有效控制疾病至关重要。在Rothamsted最近开发的表达水母绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的病原体菌株和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）方法，以量化无菌组织中病原体的生物量，为研究这种疾病的无菌阶段提供了一个独特的机会。此外，这些方法可用于最近由INRA（Rennes，France）生产的宿主材料，其提供含有有助于定量抗性的基因的染色体区域的更高遗传分辨率。这项工作由杜邦公司作为IPA申请支持，杜邦公司对作物育种和杀菌剂都感兴趣，旨在回答两个问题。1.油菜抗病性是否是田间抗病性的关键组成部分？2.目前的杀真菌剂是否只有在病原体引起茎症状之前施用才能有效对抗病原体（斑点细球腔菌）？这将涉及四项任务。任务1将通过比较在控制环境（CE）实验（GFP，qPCR）中获得的关于叶茎中病原体无菌传播抗性的结果与田间实验（qPCR，通过收获前对茎进行取样评估茎溃疡严重程度）的数据来解决问题1。任务2将通过比较受控环境（CE）实验（GFP，qPCR）中获得的关于植物茎中病原体无菌传播抗性的结果与田间实验的数据来解决问题1。因此，应该有可能确定数量抗性的主要成分是否发生在生长过程中的叶柄或在茎组织的定殖。任务3将调查对叶茎和植物茎中病原体无菌生长的抗性的遗传控制，利用与现有和新的遗传图谱信息有关的田间和受控环境实验的结果。任务4将通过研究杀真菌剂和遗传抗性对叶茎和植物茎中无菌病原体生长的影响之间的相互作用来解决问题2。它将涉及CE实验（绿色荧光蛋白）与抗性和敏感线。将在与接种相关的不同时间施用杀真菌剂（由任务2的结果确定），并观察对许多遗传上不同的宿主系的无菌生长的影响。CE实验将由具有一系列杀真菌剂时间的田间实验来补充。这些实验的结果将被用来鉴定和鉴定对斑点落叶病菌的数量抗性，以便它可以很容易地被利用在抗性育种计划中。它们还将使杀真菌剂应用的时间得到优化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

R gene-mediated resistance in Brassica napus that limits asexual sporulation but allows sexual sporulation by Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot). Abstract

甘蓝型油菜中 R 基因介导的抗性限制了无性孢子形成，但允许 Pyrenopeziza brassicae（浅叶斑病）形成有性孢子。

DOI：
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Boys EF
通讯作者：
Boys EF

Effector-triggered defence against apoplastic fungal pathogens.

效应器触发的针对质外体真菌病原体的防御。

DOI：
10.1016/j.tplants.2014.04.009
发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
影响因子：
20.5
作者：
Stotz, Henrik U.;Mitrousia, Georgia K.;de Wit, Pierre J. G. M.;Fitt, Bruce D. L.
通讯作者：
Fitt, Bruce D. L.

Symptomless infection by Rhynchosporium commune in relation to control of barley leaf blotch.

与大麦叶斑病防治相关的Rhynchosporium commune无症状感染。