HEAVY-ATOM ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON ENZYMATIC REACTIONS

酶是催化剂，几乎控制着所有的化学物质。 生命系统中的反应。它们所依据的机制 催化剂的工作和受控仍然是一个重要的 生物学研究的目标及其对药物设计的影响 生物过程的监管，以及其他领域。的目标是 这项工作是为了详细确定酶的作用机制 功能。正在应用的主要技术是重原子 同位素效应，可以提供许多重要的细节 机理，包括将各种底物添加到 酶、各步骤的相对速率、各种性质 中间体和过渡态，以及各种酶的作用 整个催化过程中的官能团。酶是 研究包括天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、 和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基激酶。模型研究将提供 解释这些结果的重要参考点 学习。

Enzymes are the catalysts that control virtually all chemical reactions in living systems. The mechanisms by which these catalysts work and are controlled continues to be an important objective of biological studies, with implications for drug design regulation of biological processes, and other areas. The goal of this work is to determine in detail the mechanisms by which enzymes function. The principal technique being applied is heavy-atom isotope effects which can provide a number of important details of mechanism, including order of addition of various substrates to the enzyme, relative rates of various steps, nature of various intermediates and transition states, and the role of various enzyme functional groups in the overall catalytic process. Enzymes being studied include aspartate transcarbamylase, glutamine synthetase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Model studies will provide important reference points for interpreting the results of these studies.