Magnetite synthesis in biomimietic nanovesicles: innovative synthetic routes to tailored bio-nanomagnets

仿生纳米囊泡中的磁铁矿合成：定制生物纳米磁体的创新合成路线

• 批准号: EP/I032355/2
• 负责人: Sarah Staniland
• 金额: $ 34.71万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI032355%2F2
• 关键词: Magnetite; synthesis; biomimietic; nanovesicles; innovative

Scientific and economic interest in nanotechnology has grown in recent years. Within this the quest to produce tiny and highly tailored magnetic particles, or nanomagnets is crucial. Nanomagnets have a range of practical uses. Historically they have been used for information storage such as tapes and hard drives. Recently this has expanded with the development of 3D information storage systems providing high density data storage. There is much interest in the medical applications of nanomagnets. Magnetic particles are being developed to provide targeted medicine within the body. For example, if drugs are tied to nanomagnets at the molecular level then they can be directed by a magnet to specific sites within the patient. This allows a drug to be delivered to a specific area, without harming the rest of the body. Similarly, nanomagnets can be used in hyperthermic therapies. This is where, after being directed to specific tumour sites, magnetic particles are heated to either destroy a tumour or activate a drug. Such particles also already have used as image enhancers for diagnostic medicine. However, as nanotechnology grows, so too does the need to develop precisely engineered nanomagnets. Different applications demand different shapes and sizes of particles and different magnetic properties. Producing nanomagnets with highly controlled; composition, size and shapes, in large enough amounts to be of use to these industries, has therefore become a key goal of researchers.Biomineralisation is the process that occurs in living organisms to produce minerals such as bones. Because genetics control biomineralisation processes the materials produced exhibit very precise, uniform and intricate formations down to the nanoscale. Magnetotactic bacteria biomineralise high quality uniform nanoparticles of the iron-oxide magnetite within biological shells (or vesicles) called magnetosomes, within the bacterial cell. Because magnetosomes exhibit considerable uniformity and precision they present a novel and attractive route to produce high quality nanoparticles.However, the biomineralisation method produces inefficient yields for commercial production and is also not very flexible, as the cell strictly controls morphology and composition, so the particles cannot be easily adapted (e.g. maximum cobalt doping 1.4%).In order to synthesise precision customised magnetic nanoparticles, we will explore a biomimetic approach where we take inspiration from nature to develop a nano-magnetite precipitation system within artificial magnetosome vesicles outside the cell. We will perform a simple ambient temperature chemical precipitation of magnetite within nano-vesicles to help control the particle size and incorporate biomineralisation proteins into the interior of the vesicles to further impose biologically precise morphology over the particles. The system will combine all the benefits of biomineralisation such as morphological precision and a biocompatible coating, with all the benefits of a chemical precipitation such as high yields and a more malleable system with respect to variation, so particles can be customised.Additionally this formation technique uses environmentally friendly conditions and the addition of a biocompatible lipid coating to the particles is also highly advantageous for healthcare applications.

近年来，科学和经济对纳米技术的兴趣日益浓厚。在此过程中，制造微小且高度定制的磁性颗粒或纳米磁铁是至关重要的。纳米磁铁有许多实际用途。从历史上看，它们被用于信息存储，如磁带和硬盘驱动器。最近，随着提供高密度数据存储的3D信息存储系统的发展，这种情况得到了扩展。纳米磁铁在医学上的应用引起了人们极大的兴趣。人们正在开发磁性颗粒，以在体内提供靶向药物。例如，如果药物在分子水平上与纳米磁铁相连，那么它们就可以通过磁铁定向到患者体内的特定部位。这使得药物可以被输送到特定的区域，而不会伤害身体的其他部分。同样，纳米磁铁也可以用于热疗。在被引导到特定的肿瘤部位后，磁性颗粒被加热以破坏肿瘤或激活药物。这种粒子也已经被用作诊断医学的图像增强剂。然而，随着纳米技术的发展，开发精确设计的纳米磁铁的需求也在增长。不同的应用需要不同形状和大小的颗粒以及不同的磁性。生产高度可控的纳米磁体；因此，成分、尺寸和形状，在这些工业中有足够大的应用，已经成为研究人员的一个关键目标。生物矿化是指生物体产生骨骼等矿物质的过程。因为基因控制着生物矿化过程，所以产生的材料呈现出非常精确、均匀和复杂的结构，直至纳米级。趋磁细菌在细菌细胞内称为磁小体的生物外壳（或囊泡）内将高质量的均匀氧化铁磁铁矿纳米颗粒生物矿化。由于磁小体具有相当的均匀性和精确性，它们为生产高质量的纳米粒子提供了一条新颖而有吸引力的途径。然而，生物矿化方法对商业生产的产量效率很低，而且也不是很灵活，因为细胞严格控制形态和组成，因此颗粒不容易适应（例如最大钴掺杂1.4%）。为了合成精确定制的磁性纳米颗粒，我们将探索一种仿生方法，我们从自然界中汲取灵感，在细胞外的人工磁小体囊泡内开发纳米磁铁矿沉淀系统。我们将在纳米囊泡内对磁铁矿进行简单的室温化学沉淀，以帮助控制颗粒大小，并将生物矿化蛋白纳入囊泡内部，从而进一步在颗粒上施加生物学精确的形态。该系统将结合生物矿化的所有优点，如形态精度和生物相容性涂层，以及化学沉淀的所有优点，如高产率和更具可塑性的变化系统，因此颗粒可以定制。此外，这种成型技术使用环境友好的条件，并且在颗粒上添加生物相容性脂质涂层也非常有利于医疗保健应用。

项目成果

Membrane proteins: always an insoluble problem?

膜蛋白：始终是一个无法解决的问题？

• DOI: 10.1042/bst20160025
• 发表时间: 2016-06-15
• 期刊: Biochemical Society transactions
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Rawlings AE

Synthesis of ABA Tri-Block Co-Polymer Magnetopolymersomes via Electroporation for Potential Medical Application

• DOI: 10.3390/polym7121529
• 发表时间: 2015-12
• 期刊: Polymers
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Jennifer Bain;Matthew E Berry;Catherine E. Dirks;Sarah S. Staniland

In situ formation of magnetopolymersomes via electroporation for MRI.

• DOI: 10.1038/srep14311
• 发表时间: 2015-09-22
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Bain J;Ruiz-Pérez L;Kennerley AJ;Muench SP;Thompson R;Battaglia G;Staniland SS
• 通讯作者: Staniland SS