DISCRETE VS. CONTINUOS MODELS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION

离散与离散

• 批准号: 3379067
• 负责人: JEFFREY O MILLER
• 金额: $ 5.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-09-01 至 1990-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3379067
• 关键词: attention; biological information processing; brain electrical activity; cognition; electroencephalography; electromyography; memory; mental process; model design /development; psychological models; psychomotor reaction time; psychophysiology; sensory discrimination; stimulus /response; visual perception; visual stimulus

Two very different types of models of visual perception have been used by researchers in the fields of cognitive psychology and human information processing. Discrete models characterized visual perception as a discrete operation that must completely finish processing a stimulus before any further cognitive processes receive information about that stimulus (e.g., Sternberg, 1969a). Continuous models characterize it as a continuous operation that gradually transmits information about a stimulus to later cognitive processes, so that these processes can begin before perception is finished (e.g., McClelland, 1979). It is important for both theoretical and methodological reasons to be able to discriminate between these two types of models, and the goal of the proposed research is to develop experimental tests that can choose between them. The proposed experiments emphasize two lines of research. One set of experiments will use psychophysiological measurements to look for evidence that some response preparation has occurred before stimulus perception has finished. Previous studies have sought evidence of such preliminary response preparation using indirect measures based on total response latency, and results have been subject to alternative explanations. Using electrophysiological measures including the electromyogram (EMG) and event-related cerebral potentials (ERPs), it should be possible to measure preliminary response preparation more directly. These measures will be obtained in several different experimental paradigms yielding effects previously attributed to preliminary response preparation, and they will indicate whether such preparation is actually responsible for these effects. Such preliminary response preparation would be consistent with continuous, but not discrete, models of perceptual processes. The second set of experiments will use reaction time measurements to study visual attention. If it can be established that attentional emphasis continuously modulates the output of perceptual processes (rather than their use by late processes), then this would constitute broad support for models with continuous rather than discrete activation of stimulus codes. The results of these studies will be of interest to cognitive psychologists, human factors engineers and designers of interfaces for human/computer interaction, and researchers in some areas of artificial intelligence.

两种截然不同的视觉感知模型， 被认知心理学领域的研究人员使用， 人类信息处理 离散模型表征 视知觉是一种离散的操作， 在任何进一步的认知过程之前完成对刺激的处理 接收关于该刺激的信息（例如，斯滕贝格，1969 a）。 连续模型将其描述为连续操作， 逐渐将刺激的信息传递给后来的人 认知过程，因此这些过程可以开始之前， 感知完成（例如，McClelland，1979）。 重要的是 从理论和方法上讲， 区分这两种类型的模型，以及 拟议的研究是开发实验测试， 在他们之间选择。 拟议的实验强调两个 研究路线。 一组实验将使用 心理生理学测量来寻找证据， 反应准备发生在刺激感知之前， 完了 以前的研究已经找到了这样的证据 使用基于以下内容的间接措施进行初步应对准备 总响应延迟，结果受到 替代解释。 使用电生理测量 包括肌电图（EMG）和事件相关脑电 潜在的（ERP），应该可以测量初步的 更直接的反应。 这些措施将 在几个不同的实验范例中获得， 先前归因于初步应对准备的影响， 他们将指出这种准备是否真的是 对这些影响负责。 这种初步反应 制备将与连续的，但不是离散的， 感知过程的模型。 第二组实验 将使用反应时间测量来研究视觉注意力。 如果 可以确定的是， 调节感知过程的输出（而不是它们的 后期进程使用），那么这将构成广泛的支持 对于具有连续而非离散激活的模型， 刺激代码。 这些研究的结果将是有意义的， 认知心理学家、人因工程师和设计师， 人机交互的界面，以及 人工智能的一些领域。