DISCRETE VS. CONTINUOS MODELS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION

离散与离散

• 批准号: 3379070
• 负责人: JEFFREY O MILLER
• 金额: $ 6.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-09-01 至 1991-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3379070
• 关键词: attention; biological information processing; brain electrical activity; cognition; electroencephalography; electromyography; memory; mental process; model design /development; psychological models; psychomotor reaction time; psychophysiology; sensory discrimination; stimulus /response; visual perception; visual stimulus

Two very different types of models of visual perception have been used by researchers in the fields of cognitive psychology and human information processing. Discrete models characterized visual perception as a discrete operation that must completely finish processing a stimulus before any further cognitive processes receive information about that stimulus (e.g., Sternberg, 1969a). Continuous models characterize it as a continuous operation that gradually transmits information about a stimulus to later cognitive processes, so that these processes can begin before perception is finished (e.g., McClelland, 1979). It is important for both theoretical and methodological reasons to be able to discriminate between these two types of models, and the goal of the proposed research is to develop experimental tests that can choose between them. The proposed experiments emphasize two lines of research. One set of experiments will use psychophysiological measurements to look for evidence that some response preparation has occurred before stimulus perception has finished. Previous studies have sought evidence of such preliminary response preparation using indirect measures based on total response latency, and results have been subject to alternative explanations. Using electrophysiological measures including the electromyogram (EMG) and event-related cerebral potentials (ERPs), it should be possible to measure preliminary response preparation more directly. These measures will be obtained in several different experimental paradigms yielding effects previously attributed to preliminary response preparation, and they will indicate whether such preparation is actually responsible for these effects. Such preliminary response preparation would be consistent with continuous, but not discrete, models of perceptual processes. The second set of experiments will use reaction time measurements to study visual attention. If it can be established that attentional emphasis continuously modulates the output of perceptual processes (rather than their use by late processes), then this would constitute broad support for models with continuous rather than discrete activation of stimulus codes. The results of these studies will be of interest to cognitive psychologists, human factors engineers and designers of interfaces for human/computer interaction, and researchers in some areas of artificial intelligence.

两种截然不同类型的视觉感知模型 被认知心理学领域的研究人员使用 人类信息处理。 离散模型特征 视觉感知作为一种离散的操作，必须完全 在任何进一步的认知过程之前完成对刺激的处理 接收有关该刺激的信息（例如，Sternberg，1969a）。 连续模型将其描述为连续操作 逐渐将有关刺激的信息传递给后来的人 认知过程，以便这些过程可以在 感知已经完成（例如，McClelland，1979）。 这对于 理论上和方法上的原因都能够 区分这两种类型的模型，以及目标 拟议的研究是开发实验测试，可以 在它们之间进行选择。 所提出的实验强调两个 研究方向。 一组实验将使用 心理生理测量来寻找一些证据 反应准备发生在刺激感知之前 完成的。 先前的研究已经寻求此类证据 使用间接措施进行初步应对准备 总响应延迟，结果受到 替代解释。 使用电生理学措施 包括肌电图 (EMG) 和事件相关脑电图 潜力（ERP），应该可以测量初步 更直接地准备响应。 这些措施将 在几种不同的实验范式中获得 先前归因于初步应对准备的影响， 他们会指出这种准备是否实际上是 对这些影响负责。 这样的初步回应 准备工作将与连续一致，但不是离散的， 感知过程的模型。 第二组实验 将使用反应时间测量来研究视觉注意力。 如果 可以确定，注意力持续集中 调节感知过程的输出（而不是它们的 由后期进程使用），那么这将构成广泛的支持 对于具有连续而不是离散激活的模型 刺激代码。 这些研究的结果将会引起人们的兴趣 认知心理学家、人为因素工程师和设计师 人机交互界面以及研究人员 人工智能的某些领域。