INFANTS' EMOTION EXPRESSION STYLES AND LATER COMPETENCE

本项目的主要目的是（1）描绘发展 积极情感表达模式的形成过程， 负面的母亲/婴儿的相互作用，并评估这些关系 情绪表达变量与人格/气质特征的测量， (2)确定婴儿辨别能力的个体发育，或 对母亲的喜悦、愤怒和愤怒的表情有不同的反应， 悲伤，（3）检查婴儿的模仿，学习或表演能力 母婴互动后的认知/心理任务 以母亲的兴趣/喜悦、愤怒和悲伤的表情为特征， (4)研究选定的生理伴随物的发育变化 婴儿的情感表达的互动特点是母亲的 喜悦、悲伤和愤怒的表达，以及（5）评估早期情绪 表达变量，认知/心理表现指标（获得 在积极和消极的情绪条件下），以及 生理反应作为社会，情感和认知的预测因子 在以后的岁月里， 情感表达是由伊扎德的 面部运动编码和情感识别系统（Max和Afex）， 根据Kagan（1978年）和Uzgiris的测量调整的认知能力， Hunt（1975），Rothbart's Infant Behavior 杰克逊人格研究表母亲人格问卷， 安斯沃思系统的依恋质量和后来的方法能力 由Block and Block、Sroufe和其他人开发。 拟议研究 我将试图重申和扩展我们以前的研究结果的稳定性 早期情绪表达变量的显著性。 全新的 本提案的主题包括： 母亲的悲伤和愤怒的表情，个体发育的歧视， 这两个重要的负面情绪在动态的母亲/婴儿 互动，轻度压力（悲伤/愤怒情绪）的影响 对婴儿认知/心理功能的影响， 婴儿情绪表达的心理生理学， 正、负性母婴关系中婴儿的生理反应 互动，以及使用与压力有关的业绩衡量标准， 生理反应模式在预测后期能力。 婴儿情绪变量在预测婴儿死亡率中的有效性的证据 较晚的能力将对早期发现具有重要意义 和预防心理健康问题。

The principal aims of this project are to (1) delineate the developmental course of patterns of emotion expressions in affectively positive and negative mother/infant interactions and to assess the relationship of these emotion expression variables to measures of personality/temperament traits, (2) determine the ontogeny of the infant's ability to discriminate or respond differentially to the mother's expressions of joy, anger, and sadness, (3) examine the infant's ability to imitate, learn or perform cognitive/psychomotor tasks following mother/infant interactions characterized by mother's expressions of interest/joy, anger, and sadness, (4) study the developmental changes in selected physiological concomitants of infant emotion expressions in interactions characterized by mother's expressions of joy, sadness, and anger, and (5) evaluate early emotion expression variables, cognitive/psychomotor performance measures (obtained during positive and negative emotion conditions), and patterns of physiological responses as predictors of social, emotional, and cognitive competence in later years. Emotion expressions are measured by Izard's facial movement coding and affect identification systems (Max and Affex), cognitive capacities by measures adapted from Kagan (1978) and Uzgiris and Hunt (1975), infant temperament by Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire, Mothers Personality by Jackson Personality Research Form, Quality of Attachment by Ainsworth's system and later competence by methods developed by Block and Block, Sroufe, and others. The proposed research will attempt to reaffirm and extend our previous findings on the stability and significance of early emotion expression variables. The distinctly new themes of the present proposal include developmental changes in response to mother's sadness and anger expressions, the ontogeny of discrimination of these two important negative emotions in dynamic mother/infant interactions, the effects of mild stress (sadness/anger emotion expressions) on infant's cognitive/psychomotor functioning, the psychophysiology of infant's emotion expressions, and the analysis of infant's physiological responses during positive and negative mother/infant interactions, and the use of stress-related performance measures and patterns of physiological responses in the prediction of later competence. Evidence for the effectiveness of infant emotion variables in predicting later competence will have significant implications for the early detection and prevention of mental health problems.