NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR DISORDER & DELINQUENCY RISK

该项目旨在密切检查 造成犯罪行为风险的四种现象： (1)儿童品行障碍(CD)；(2)注意力缺陷障碍 多动症(ADD-H)，(3)神经心理缺陷，(4)家庭 因素(人口结构不利、父母犯罪、家庭 中断和不稳定、子女养育和沟通方式)。 概念上的重点是理解这些因素的影响 影响持续性严重违法者发展历程的因素 行为。ADD+CD共病最近被认为是一种强烈的 预测后来的累犯犯罪行为。私家侦探的前科 精神心理状况与自陈犯罪的相关研究 已经表明，有ADD-H和CD早期病史的病例也可能显示 听觉记忆和言语认知能力明显缺陷，以及 这一小组的犯罪行为特别咄咄逼人。 这项拟议的研究建议对500人进行神经心理学研究 目前正在进行纵向研究的四年级队列成员 由匹兹堡青年研究中心提供。选择了一半的受试者 由于ADD-H和CD的症状，青少年犯罪的风险很高。派斯夫妇 正在收集详细的家庭、心理健康和自我报告 该队列自1987年至年间每隔6个月提供一次拖欠贷款数据 1991年，这些数据将提供给我们进行分析。这个 拟议的研究将进行神经心理学评估 受试者在1990年12岁和13岁时，通过给药 语言、视觉-运动整合、记忆、 持续的注意力、抽象的推理和认知/行为 解除抑制。我们假设(1)认知缺陷的知识 儿童时期的行为问题可能会增加我们前瞻性地 区分顽固性/严重违法者；(2)神经心理学 力量可能有助于保护儿童免受犯罪行为的影响，尽管 引发犯罪的家庭社会环境。研究的目标是 分析一些人表现出的具体认知障碍模式 比过去可能发生的更深层次的犯罪， 关注儿童期定义的少年犯亚群 行为障碍，并仔细研究多因素方面的 家庭生活与个人风险因素相互作用的影响 少年犯。PYS的纵向风险设计非常适合于 支持这些研究目标。

This project is designed to examine closely the relationships between four phenomena that contribute risk for delinquent behavior: (1)childhood Conduct Disorder (CD), (2)Attention-Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity(ADD-H), (3)neuropsychological deficits, and (4)family factors (demographic disadvantage, parental criminality, family disruption and instability, child-rearing and communication styles). The conceptual emphasis is on understanding the influence of these factors on the developmental course of persistent serious delinquent behavior. ADD+CD comorbidity has recently been identified as a strong predictor of later recidivistic criminal offending. The PI's previous research into neuropsychological status and self-reported delinquency has shown that cases with early histories of ADD-H and CD may also show marked deficits in auditory memory and verbal cognitive abilities, and that the delinquent acts of this sub-group are especially aggressive. The proposed research suggests a neuropsychological study of the 500 members of the 4th grade cohort currently being studied longitudinally by the Pittsburgh Youth Study. One-half of the subjects were selected as high risk for delinquency because of symptoms of ADD-H & CD. The PYS is collecting detailed family, mental health, and self-report delinquency data at 6-monthly intervals for the cohort from 1987 through 1991, and those data would be made available for our analysis. The proposed research would conduct neuropsychological assessments of the subjects in 1990 when they are 12 & 13 years old, by administering performance measures of language, visual-motor integration, memory, sustained attention, abstract reasoning, and cognitive/behavioral disinhibition. We hypothesize that (1)knowledge of cognitive deficit and childhood behavior problems can add to our ability to prospectively discriminate persistent/serious delinquents, and (2)neuropsychological strengths may help to protect children from delinquency, despite a criminogenic family social environment. Goals of the research are to analyze the specific cognitive deficit patterns shown by some delinquents in greater depth than has been possible in the past, to focus upon subgroups of delinquents defined developmentally by childhood behavior disorder, and to closely examine the multifactorial facets of family life that interact with individual risk factors in affecting delinquency. The longitudinal risk design of the PYS is well-suited to supporting these research goals.