STEREOTYPES, SHIFTING STANDARDS, AND SOCIAL JUDGMENT

刻板印象、转变标准和社会判断

• 批准号: 3475819
• 负责人: MONICA ROSE BIERNAT
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 1998-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3475819
• 关键词: belief; human subject; judgment; morals; prejudice; social group; social psychology; social status

The proposed project will explore several inter-related issues concerning the effects of global social stereotypes on judgments of individual members of stereotyped groups. In general, the project focuses on the role stereotypes play in creating different standards against which members of stereotyped groups are judged. The key argument of this research is that stereotyped expectations about group members lead the perceiver to shift or adjust his or her standards of judgment depending on the target's social category. For example, since men are generally perceived to be more assertive than women, a perceiver may have different meanings in mind when he or she characterizes a man versus a woman as being assertive. This line of reasoning suggests that stereotypes may be operative in situations even when it appears that they are not (e.g., a man and a woman might both be labeled "rather assertive," but underlying this common labeling are very different, stereotype-consistent representations). Ten studies are proposed to test and extend the "shifting standards" model. These studies are specifically designed to: 1) examine whether the "shifting standards" phenomenon may account for several recent research findings which suggest that subjects ignore their stereotypes when judging individual members of groups, 2) develop a means of measuring the standards subjects bring into judgment situations, 3) examine more specifically the processes involved in the standard shift phenomenon, 4) examine an audience's ability to accurately "decode" the subjective judgments of others, and 5) extend this reasoning to work on self- in addition to other-judgments. More general goals of this project are to increase our understanding of the basic processes involved in social judgment, and to alert both researchers and lay people alike to the extent of humans' reliance on stereotypes in everyday life.

拟议的项目将探讨几个相互关联的问题 全球社会刻板印象对个人判断的影响 定型群体的成员。 总体而言，该项目的重点是 刻板印象在制定不同标准方面发挥的作用 陈规定型群体的成员受到评判。 这个论点的关键论点 研究表明，对群体成员的刻板期望导致了 感知者根据情况改变或调整他或她的判断标准 关于目标的社会类别。 例如，由于男性通常 被认为比女性更自信，感知者可能有不同的看法 当他或她将男人与女人描述为 保持自信。 这一推理表明，刻板印象可能 即使看起来并非如此（例如， 男人和女人可能都被贴上“相当自信”的标签，但是 这种共同标签的基础是非常不同的，刻板印象一致的 交涉）。 提出了十项研究来测试和扩展 “转变标准”模式。 这些研究专门旨在： 1）检验“标准转移”现象是否可以解释 最近的一些研究结果表明，受试者忽视了他们的 评判群体中个别成员时的刻板印象，2）制定一种方法 衡量受试者判断情境的标准，3) 更具体地检查标准转变中涉及的流程 现象，4）检验观众准确“解码”现象的能力 他人的主观判断，以及 5）将此推理扩展到以下方面： 除了其他判断之外，还包括自我判断。 该项目的更总体目标 是为了增加我们对所涉及的基本过程的理解 社会判断，并提醒研究人员和外行人 人类在日常生活中对刻板印象的依赖程度。